Co relating NIFTY 50 Index Trend’s impact on NSE’s Sector based Indices Growth Momentum in Post COVID-19 led Indian Economy with Special reference to NIFTY Bank, NIFTY Consumer Durables, NIFTY IT and NIFTY Pharma Indices using Arithmetic Modelling

The NIFTY 50 is the flagship index on the National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. (NSE). The Index tracks the behavior of a portfolio of blue chip companies, the largest and most liquid Indian securities. It includes 50 of the approximately 1600 companies traded (listed & traded and not listed but permitted to trade) on NSE, captures approximately 65% of its float-adjusted market capitalization and is a true reflection of the Indian stock market. This study probed in to the correlation between NIFTY 50 and NIFTY Bank, NIFTY 50 and NIFTY Consumer Durables, NIFTY 50 and NIFTY IT and NIFTY 50 and NIFTY Pharma Indice

Message routing between the As/400 token ring network and the Internet

A working model of the message exchange system is designed and developed for the AS/400 systems, a type of mid-range computer developed by IBM, thus enabling the Message Routing between the AS/400 Token Ring Network and the Internet. The routing system accommodates the in-built messaging function in the midrange computer, hence providing a common familiar interface to the user. The message system typically includes a router and an intermediate host system connected to a computer which provides the access to the Internet (technically referred as Internet Gateway). The router becomes the bridging unit between the Internet and the midrange host. The router uses two different protocols to communicate with the midrange host and the Internet. However the message exchanges are never affected by these differences in the protocol, since they are accomplished at a higher level of communication

Exopolysaccharide production by Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2063, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2862 and Streptococcus mutans MTCC 1943 using batch culture in different media

Three bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2063, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2862 and Streptococcus mutans MTCC 1943 were examined for their exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing ability at the laboratory level. Basal salts solution (BSS), minimal salts medium (MSM), nitrogen free medium (NFM), chemically defined medium (CDM), milk medium (MLM) and sewage from different areas were used as nutrient source individually to assess EPS production by the above mentioned bacterial strains. Nitrogen free medium favoured more EPS production (Mean: 217.13, minimum: 206.000 and Maximum: 226.000). The highest EPS production was recorded in P. aeruginosa (226 ìg ml-1) grown in nitrogen free medium followed by S. mutans and B. subtilis (220 and 206 ìg ml-1 respectively) in nitrogen free medium after 7 days of incubation at 37°C. Analysis of carbon source in sewage samples indicated the presence of reducing monosaccharides. The purified EPS was soluble only in water and was free from protein contaminants

Wave Propagation In Hyperelastic Waveguides

The analysis of wave propagation in hyperelastic waveguides has significant applications in various branches of engineering like Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation, impact analysis, material characterization and damage detection. Linear elastic models are typically used for wave analysis since they are sufficient for many applications. However, certain solids exhibit inherent nonlinear material properties that cannot be adequately described with linear models. In the presence of large deformations, geometric nonlinearity also needs to be incorporated in the analysis. These two forms of nonlinearity can have significant consequences on the propagation of stress waves in solids. A detailed analysis of nonlinear wave propagation in solids is thus necessary for a proper understanding of these phenomena. The current research focuses on the development of novel algorithms for nonlinear finite element analysis of stress wave propagation in hyperelastic waveguides. A full three-dimensional(3D) finite element analysis of stress wave propagation in waveguides is both computationally difficult and expensive, especially in the presence of nonlinearities. By definition, waveguides are solids with special geometric features that channel the propagation of stress waves along certain preferred directions. This suggests the use of kinematic waveguide models that take advantage of the special geometric features of the waveguide. The primary advantage of using waveguide models is the reduction of the problem dimension and hence the associated computational cost. Elementary waveguide models like the Euler-Bernoulli beam model, Kirchoff plate model etc., which are developed primarily within the context of linear elasticity, need to be modified appropriately in the presence of material/geometric nonlinearities and/or loads with high frequency content. This modification, besides being non-trivial, may be inadequate for studying nonlinear wave propagation and higher order waveguide models need to be developed. However, higher order models are difficult to formulate and typically have complex governing equations for the kinematic modes. This reflects in the relatively scarce research on the development of higher order waveguide models for studying nonlinear wave propagation. The formulation is difficult primarily because of the complexity of both the governing equations and their linearization, which is required as part of a nonlinear finite element analysis. One of the primary contributions of this thesis is the development and implementation of a general, flexible and efficient framework for automating the finite element analysis of higher order kinematic models for nonlinear waveguides. A hierarchic set of higher order waveguide models that are compatible with this formulation are proposed for this purpose. This hierarchic series of waveguide models are similar in form to the kinematic assumptions associated with standard waveguide models, but are different in the sense that no conditions related to the stress distribution specific to a waveguide are imposed since that is automatically handled by the proposed algorithm. The automation of the finite element analysis is accomplished with a dexterous combination of a nodal degrees-of-freedom based assembly algorithm, automatic differentiation and a novel procedure for numerically computing the finite element matrices directly from a given waveguide model. The algorithm, however, is quite general and is also developed for studying nonlinear plane stress configurations and inhomogeneous structures that require a coupling of continuum and waveguide elements. Significant features of the algorithm are the automatic numerical derivation of the finite element matrices for both linear and nonlinear problems, especially in the context of nonlinear plane stress and higher order waveguide models, without requiring an explicit derivation of their algebraic forms, automatic assembly of finite element matrices and the automatic handling of natural boundary conditions. Full geometric nonlinearity and the hyperelastic form of material nonlinearity are considered in this thesis. The procedures developed here are however quite general and can be extended for other types of material nonlinearities. Throughout this thesis, It is assumed that the solids under investigation are homogeneous and isotropic. The subject matter of the research is developed in four stages: First, a comparison of different finite element discretization schemes is carried out using a simple rod model to choose the most efficient computational scheme to study nonlinear wave propagation. As part of this, the frequency domain Fourier spectral finite element method is extended for a special class of weakly nonlinear problems. Based on this comparative study, the Legendre spectral element method is identified as the most efficient computational tool. The efficiency of the Legendre spectral element is also illustrated in the context of a nonlinear Timoshenko beam model. Since the spectral element method is a special case of the standard nonlinear finite element Method, differing primarily in the choice of the element basis functions and quadrature rules, the automation of the standard nonlinear finite element method is undertaken next. The automatic finite element formulation and assembly algorithm that constitutes the most significant contribution of this thesis is developed as an efficient numerical alternative to study the physics of wave propagation in nonlinear higher order structural models. The development of this algorithm and its extension to a general automatic framework for studying a large class of problems in nonlinear solid mechanics forms the second part of this research. Of special importance are the automatic handling of nonlinear plane stress configurations, hierarchic higher order waveguide models and the automatic coupling of continuum and higher order structural elements using specially designed transition elements that enable an efficient means to study waveguides with local inhomogeneities. In the third stage, the automatic algorithm is used to study wave propagation in hyperelastic waveguides using a few higher order 1D kinematic models. Two variants of a particular hyperelastic constitutive law – the6-constantMurnaghanmodel(for rock like solids) and the 9-constant Murnaghan model(for metallic solids) –are chosen for modeling the material nonlinearity in the analysis. Finally, the algorithm is extended to study energy-momentum conserving time integrators that are derived within a Hamiltonian framework, thus illustrating the extensibility of the algorithm for more complex finite element formulations. In short, the current research deals primarily with the identification and automation of finite element schemes that are most suited for studying wave propagation in hyper-elastic waveguides. Of special mention is the development of a novel unified computational framework that automates the finite element analysis of a large class of problems involving nonlinear plane stress/plane strain, higher order waveguide models and coupling of both continuum and waveguide elements. The thesis, which comprises of 10 chapters, provides a detailed account of various aspects of hyperelastic wave propagation, primarily for 1D waveguides

Association of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with carcinoma prostate.

INTRODUCTION : Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy in men in the United States. In India, the incidence is relatively less. Risk of disease varies most prominently with age, ethnicity, family history, and diet . A strong family history indicative of a highly penetrant prostate cancer gene is believed to account for only 5–10% of prostate cancers, whereas a larger percentage of prostate cancers may be due to common polymorphisms in genes giving rise to a low penetrance risk of disease. Malignant transformation of prostate cells is accompanied by somatic genomic changes, including deletions, amplifications, and point mutations. In vitro studies of human prostate tissue have demonstrated that DNA adducts form in prostate tissue after exposure to environmental toxins. Moreover, intake of antioxidants via the diet or as supplements may decrease prostate cancer risk through the inactivation of reactive oxygen species, thereby protecting the DNA from oxidative damage. This evidence suggests that DNA repair capacity may play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis, but little is known about what direct effect DNA repair capacity has on prostate cancer risk. The XPD gene codes for a DNA helicase involved in transcription and nucleotide excision repair. Mutations in the XPD gene can completely prevent DNA opening and dual incision, steps that lead to the repair of DNA adducts. The DNA repair function of XPD is critical to reparation of genetic damage from tobacco and other carcinogens. Several common single bp substitution polymorphisms in the XPD gene have been identified. AIM AND OBJECTIVES : The aim of the study is to determine the risk attributed by polymorphisms in genes regulating the DNA Repair pathway with reference to the Xray repair Cross complementary 1 gene (XRCC1) and Xeroderma pigmentosum group D gene (XPD ) with Carcinoma Prostate. The study also aims to perform a stratified analysis of the genotypes with Age, Gleason sum and Serum PSA levels of Prostate Cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS : The age of the subjects included in the study ranged from 55 to 87 years. The cases and controls were similar in ethnicity and nutritional status. Clinical characteristics, including Gleason score, PSA, and tumor stage were obtained from the patients. The controls were healthy, unrelated individuals with normal serum PSA levels, normal digital rectal examination. CONCLUSION : The XRCC 1 Arg/Gln genotype and XPD Lys/Gln genotype were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing Prostate cancer. The XRCC 1 and XPD genotypes stratified by age, grade and Sr.PSA levels did not show any significant risk of developing Prostate cancer. The present study of DNA Repair gene polymorphisms predicts risk of developing Prostate cancer and would enable identification of genetically predisposed individuals

Analysis of nearly planar defects using the Thomas--Fermi--von Weiszacker model

We analyze the convergence of the electron density and relative energy with respect to a perfect crystal of a class of volume defects that are compactly contained along one direction while being of infinite extent along the other two using the Thomas-Fermi-von Weiszacker (TFW) model. We take advantage of prior work on the thermodynamic limit and stability estimates in the TFW setting, and specialize it to the case of nearly planar defects. In particular, we prove that the relative energy of the defective crystal, with respect to a perfect crystal, is finite, and in fact conforms to a well-posed minimization problem. We also establish convergence of the electronic fields to the perturbation caused by the nearly planar defect. Our main finding is that perturbations to both the density and electrostatic potential due to the presence of the nearly planar defect decay exponentially away from the defect, in agreement with the known locality property of the TFW model. We use these results to infer bounds on the generalized stacking fault energy, in particular the finiteness of this energy, and discuss its implications for numerical calculations. We conclude with a brief presentation of numerical results on the (non-convex) Thomas-Fermi-von Weiszacker-Dirac (TFWD) model that includes the Dirac exchange in the universal functional, and discuss its implications for future work.Comment: 40 pages, 10 figure

VERNONIA CINEREA (NEICHITTI KEERAI) REGENERATES PROXIMAL TUBULES IN CISPLATININDUCED RENAL DAMAGE IN MICE

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether Vernonia cinerea (VC) regenerates the proximal renal tubular cells in cisplatin-induced necrosis in male Swiss albino mice.Methods: The crude aqueous extract (CAE) of VC was fractionated from non-polar to polar using different solvents. Mice were injected a single dose of cisplatin (15 mg/kg) on day 1, which took 5 days to cause maximal renal damage. From day 6, CAE and all fractions were orally administered (200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) for 5 continuous days. On day 11, blood was collected to estimate urea and creatinine. Kidney was collected for histology and grading was done.Results: Cisplatin induced proximal renal tubular damage (grade 5) in corticomedullary junction, characterized by necrosis, proximal tubular dilatation, inflammation and vasodilation. Aqueous fraction (AF) did not show any regeneration; whereas, 400 mg/kg dose of CAE and butanol fraction (BF) showed a significant reduction (p<0.001) in proximal tubular damage (Grade 3) and 50–75% regeneration of proximal tubular epithelial cells.Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate the regenerative potential of Neichitti kashayam (CAE of VC) and its BF in cisplatin-induced proximal tubular damage in kidney. Further study is warranted to find out the dose regimen for complete regeneration, lead compounds, and molecular mechanism