Prevalence of Otolaryngological diseases in Nigerians

Background: To study the prevalence of Otolaryngological (ORL) diseases in a tertiary hospital.Methods: Five hundred patients that were first attendee at the ORL clinic of the Obafemi Awolowo University teaching hospital Ile-Ife were randomly selected from the clinic lists. The age, sex, presenting complaints, and the diagnosis were noted. Analysis of the data were done using SPSS version 10.0Results: The age ranges of ENT clinic attendee were 10 days – 95years with a mean age of 30.5 ± 22.7years. There were 315 males and l85 females with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. Diseases of the ear was the most common 51.8% (n=259), nasal and paranasal sinuses diseases accounted for 26% (n=130), pharyngeal diseases was found in 10.6% (n=53), laryngeal disease accounted for 3% (n=15). Oral cavity lesions were seen in 1.4%. (n=7) and Head and Neck tumors were found in 7.2% (n=36) these were made up of malignant (n=30) and benign (n=6) tumors.Conclusion: Ear diseases were the most in this work and oral cavity lesions being the least common. The peak age incidence was in the 0-9years. There is a need for manpower development in otological and paediatric otolaryngological surgery

Tongue Entrapment in an Aluminium Milk Can: An Unusual Cause of Tongue Injury

Peri-oral injuries are common findings in paediatric patients; however, tongue injury following entrapment in bottles and cans is rare and has not been reported in our locality. A case of a 9- year old previously healthy female child who got her tongue tightly entrapped in an half opened aluminium milk can while in school is hereby presented. This case highlights the result of careless and often dangerous play and misadventures of children and the challenge of management. It calls for vigilance and close supervision of children by caregivers at home and at school. Early presentation, immediate intervention and treatment can prevent grave consequences

Primary Health Care Approach in ENT

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Laryngeal carcinoma: Experience in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

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Epistaxis in Nigerians: A 3-year experience

Background: Epistaxis is a common symptom encountered in otolaryngological practice.This study was aimed at analyzing the aetiology, treatment and management outcome of the patients who presented with epistaxis at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile – Ife, Nigeria.Methods: This is a prospective study of all consecutive patients that presented with epistaxis to our emergency rooms and ENT clinics from January 2003 to December 2005. Evaluation of patient included a detailed history taking and clinical examination. Control of epistaxis was obtained by treatment ranging from cauterization, anterior nasal packing to arterial ligation. Analysis was done using SPSS11.Results: A total of 106 patients who had on-going epistaxis were enrolled for the study. Eighty- two (77.4%) were male and 24 patients (22.6%) were female. Peak age incidence was in the age group 21- 40 (53.8%). Epistaxis was less common in the extremes of life. The most common aetiology was trauma (70.8%) Others included nasopharyngeal carcinoma, sinonasal carcinoma, sinusitis and allergic rhinitis. Majority of the patients (79.1%) were managed by nasal packing. All patients with atraumatic epistaxis (29.2%) had previous history of nasal bleeds. Blood transfusion was needed for 20 (18.9%) patients. The complication and mortality rates as a result of epistaxis were 1.9% (2 patients) and 0.9% (1 patient) respectively. Mean hospital stay was 5days ± 2.68.Conclusion: Most epistaxis patient can be managed by a non-interventional method. Surgical Interventional treatment should only be used following failure of adequate non-interventional treatment. Complication rate was low

Laryngeal carcinoma: our experience at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

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Otorhinolaryngologic Associated Features Of HIV/ AIDS Patients In Ile – Ife Nigeria

Objective: Symptoms and signs in Human Immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immuno- Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients are diverse; hence the presentations at hospitals are multichannelled. The pattern of presentation and treatment outcome in HIV / AIDS patients in our centre is presented. Method: Twenty – two new patients referred to the otorhinolaryngology (ORL) clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), IIe- Ife, screened and confirmed to be positive for HIV/ AIDS were retrospectively studied and followed up. All the patients consented to retroviral screening. The total number of patients seen during the study period also noted. Results: Twenty- two patients made up of 7 males and females (M: F: 1:2) were studied. They constituted 0.7% of the 3000 patients seen in ORL clinic during the study period their ages ranged from 15 year to 59 year. Fifty – four percent of the patients were within age range 20 year to year. All the patients were sexually active; some confessing multiple sexual partners. Almost all professions, skilled and unskilled, were represented. Major clinical features were recorded. Treatment was mainly supportive: few patients could afford retroviral therapy. Over 50% of the patients defaulted for several reasons. Mortality rate was 18%. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of 0.7% among new ORL cases in this study is high. Otorhinolaryngologists practicing in this environment must be well trained in the act of pre and post screening counseling, while precaution is taken against infecting themselves and their patients. Key Words: HIV/AIDS, ORL, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Vol. 7(2) 2004: 69-7

Necrotizing Fascitis in a Nomad with Undiagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is a severe acute poly bacteria infection of the fascia plane of the head and neck region. It is usually associated with rapid and extensive fascia necrosis, necrosis of the overlying skin and the vasculature and severe systemic toxicity. We present the case of a 60-year old female nomad with undiagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis with CNF arising from a possible insect bite. Intravenous antibiotics, anti Koch's and high protein, high calorie diet, in addition to aggressive and repeated surgical debridement were used to manage this patient with good result. The challenge of managing this patient is discussed in line with the existing literature. Key words: Necrotizing Fasciitis, Nomad, and Bovine Tuberculosis. Nigerian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Vol.2(1) 2005: 37-4