Sustainable intensification of maize-based systems through improved use of phosphorus fertilizers

United States Agency for International Developmen

STRUCTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE AIRCRAFT LIQUID-GAS SYSTEMS

Тhis article is devoted to the gas-liquid systems of the aircraft and their structural and technological analysis. The paper shows the characteristics of pipelines, considers the types of working fluids and gases and covers the range of perceived internal pressures. The paper presents the classification of pipelines of flying vehicles from the point of view of their working conditions, taking into account the perceived internal pressure. The article also shows the classification scheme of major groups and types of pipe connections and fittings. The article focuses on the scheme of permanent joints made with soldering and welding, as well as the split of mobile and fixed joints of different types. The authors study the combined connections. The authors have also developed classification schemes of aircraft piping systems that depend on the system pressure. A classification scheme of piping connections, depending on the method of connection, mobility, presence of seals is singled out. The research is ilustrated with examples of compounds of different types

Delayed Pion Spectroscopy of Hypernuclei

New possibilities of hypernuclear studies at modern electron accelerators based on recently developed radio frequency photomultiplier tubes are discussed

Useful pharmacodynamic endpoints in children: selection, measurement, and next steps.

Pharmacodynamic (PD) endpoints are essential for establishing the benefit-to-risk ratio for therapeutic interventions in children and neonates. This article discusses the selection of an appropriate measure of response, the PD endpoint, which is a critical methodological step in designing pediatric efficacy and safety studies. We provide an overview of existing guidance on the choice of PD endpoints in pediatric clinical research. We identified several considerations relevant to the selection and measurement of PD endpoints in pediatric clinical trials, including the use of biomarkers, modeling, compliance, scoring systems, and validated measurement tools. To be useful, PD endpoints in children need to be clinically relevant, responsive to both treatment and/or disease progression, reproducible, and reliable. In most pediatric disease areas, this requires significant validation efforts. We propose a minimal set of criteria for useful PD endpoint selection and measurement. We conclude that, given the current heterogeneity of pediatric PD endpoint definitions and measurements, both across and within defined disease areas, there is an acute need for internationally agreed, validated, and condition-specific pediatric PD endpoints that consider the needs of all stakeholders, including healthcare providers, policy makers, patients, and families.Pediatric Research advance online publication, 11 April 2018; doi:10.1038/pr.2018.38

Identification of a biological signature for schizophrenia in serum

Biomarkers are now used in many areas of medicine but are still lacking for psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia (SCZ). We have used a multiplex molecular profiling approach to measure serum concentrations of 181 proteins and small molecules in 250 first and recent onset SCZ, 35 major depressive disorder (MDD), 32 euthymic bipolar disorder (BPD), 45 Asperger syndrome and 280 control subjects. Preliminary analysis resulted in identification of a signature comprised of 34 analytes in a cohort of closely matched SCZ (n = 71) and control (n = 59) subjects. Partial least squares discriminant analysis using this signature gave a separation of 60-75% of SCZ subjects from controls across five independent cohorts. The same analysis also gave a separation of similar to 50% of MDD patients and 10-20% of BPD and Asperger syndrome subjects from controls. These results demonstrate for the first time that a biological signature for SCZ can be identified in blood serum. This study lays the groundwork for development of a diagnostic test that can be used as an aid for distinguishing SCZ subjects from healthy controls and from those affected by related psychiatric illnesses with overlapping symptoms. Molecular Psychiatry (2012) 17, 494-502; doi:10.1038/mp.2011.42; published online 12 April 201

Rice dry matter yield response to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron

UNISWA J. of Agric. Vol 14, 2006: 62-69 71Decline in soil fertility has been found to be the main cause of low rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields in many soils cropped to rice in Tanzania. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N, P, K and Zn on shoot dry matter (DM) yields of lowland rice plants grown in some soils of Same district. Three bulk soil samples were collected from Kisiwani (Mbugani), Ndungu and Kihurio (Kimunyu), which were found to be deficient in some macro- and micro-nutrients following laboratory soil analysis, and were used for this pot experiment. The responses of rice variety, super SSD5 to N, P and K, as well as to different levels of Zn, were assessed in a glasshouse experiment where plants were grown for 56 days. The results showed that N, P and K increased rice shoot DM yields in all the soils used, from 0.61, 0.74 and 0.47 in the controls to 3.01, 2.76, and 1.57 g/plant in the highest N:P:K treatments in Ndungu, Mbugani and Kimunyu sites, respectively. It was further revealed that Zn supplementation in addition to NPK also increased rice dry matter yields further, from 3.05, 2.73 and 1.42 in the Zn controls to 4.75, 4.44, and 2.16 g/plant in the 15 kg/ha Zn treatments in Ndungu, Mbugani and Kimunyu sites, respectively. Iron (Fe) was also found to be deficient in Mbugani soils, and Fe supplementation improved plant growth. It is concluded that deficiency of these nutrients was probably a widespread problem in these and other soils cropped to rice in the district

Nutrient uptake in response to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron

Decline in soil fertility has been found to be the main cause of low rice yields in many soils of Tanzania. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N, P, K and Zn on their uptake by lowland rice (Oryza sativa, L.) grown in nutrient-deficient soils of Same district. Three bulk soil samples, which were low in some macro- and micro-nutrients, were collected from Kisiwani, Ndungu and Kihurio, and used for pot experiments. The response of rice (Oryza sativa, L., cv super SSD5) to N, P, K and Zn was assessed in a glasshouse experiment where plants were grown for 56 days. Plant samples were analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe after digestion with HNO 3-H20 2. The results showed that N, P and K increased uptake of each mineral nutrient by rice plants, in all the soils used. For example, N alone increased N uptake from 5.8 to 28.4, 8.3 to 37.0, and 3.6 to 14.2 mg/plant in Ndungu, Mbugani and Kimunyu soils, respectively. Zinc, in addition to N, P, and K, increased the nutrient uptake even further. The uptake of each nutrient applied was consistent with the increase in dry matter yields and nutrient concentrations in rice shoots reported earlier. It was thus confirmed that these soils were deficient in N, P and Zn. Iron was required in the Kisiwani (Mbugani) soils, which were severely deficient of this element

Nutrient uptake in response to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron

Decline in soil fertility has been found to be the main cause of low rice yields in many soils of Tanzania. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N, P, K and Zn on their uptake by lowland rice (Oryza sativa, L.) grown in nutrient-deficient soils of Same district. Three bulk soil samples, which were low in some macro- and micro-nutrients, were collected from Kisiwani, Ndungu and Kihurio, and used for pot experiments. The response of rice (Oryza sativa, L., cv super SSD5) to N, P, K and Zn was assessed in a glasshouse experiment where plants were grown for 56 days. Plant samples were analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe after digestion with HNO 3-H20 2. The results showed that N, P and K increased uptake of each mineral nutrient by rice plants, in all the soils used. For example, N alone increased N uptake from 5.8 to 28.4, 8.3 to 37.0, and 3.6 to 14.2 mg/plant in Ndungu, Mbugani and Kimunyu soils, respectively. Zinc, in addition to N, P, and K, increased the nutrient uptake even further. The uptake of each nutrient applied was consistent with the increase in dry matter yields and nutrient concentrations in rice shoots reported earlier. It was thus confirmed that these soils were deficient in N, P and Zn. Iron was required in the Kisiwani (Mbugani) soils, which were severely deficient of this element

Rice dry matter yield response to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron

UNISWA J. of Agric. Vol 14, 2006: 62-69 71Decline in soil fertility has been found to be the main cause of low rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields in many soils cropped to rice in Tanzania. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N, P, K and Zn on shoot dry matter (DM) yields of lowland rice plants grown in some soils of Same district. Three bulk soil samples were collected from Kisiwani (Mbugani), Ndungu and Kihurio (Kimunyu), which were found to be deficient in some macro- and micro-nutrients following laboratory soil analysis, and were used for this pot experiment. The responses of rice variety, super SSD5 to N, P and K, as well as to different levels of Zn, were assessed in a glasshouse experiment where plants were grown for 56 days. The results showed that N, P and K increased rice shoot DM yields in all the soils used, from 0.61, 0.74 and 0.47 in the controls to 3.01, 2.76, and 1.57 g/plant in the highest N:P:K treatments in Ndungu, Mbugani and Kimunyu sites, respectively. It was further revealed that Zn supplementation in addition to NPK also increased rice dry matter yields further, from 3.05, 2.73 and 1.42 in the Zn controls to 4.75, 4.44, and 2.16 g/plant in the 15 kg/ha Zn treatments in Ndungu, Mbugani and Kimunyu sites, respectively. Iron (Fe) was also found to be deficient in Mbugani soils, and Fe supplementation improved plant growth. It is concluded that deficiency of these nutrients was probably a widespread problem in these and other soils cropped to rice in the district