Evaluation of nanocarrier targeted drug delivery of capecitabine-PAMAM dendrimer complex in a mice colorectal cancer model

Capecitabine, an effective anticancer drug in colorectal cancer chemotherapy, may create adverse side effects on healthy tissues. In the present study, we first induced colon adenocarcinoma with azoxymethane, a carcinogen agent, and then investigated the potentiality of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer to improve capecitabine therapeutic index and decrease its adverse side effects on healthy tissues like liver and bone marrow. Other variables such as nanoparticle concentrations have also been investigated. Drug loading concentration (DLC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were calculated for capecitabine/dendrimer complex. Experimental results showed an increase in DLC percentage resulted from elevated capecitabine/dendrimer ratio. Capecitabine/dendrimer complex could reduce tumor size and adverse side effects in comparison with free capecitabine form. © 2016 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Association of ligneous conjunctivitis with congenital hydrocephaly: A case report

Purpose: To report an association of ligneous conjunctivitis (LC) and congenital hydrocephalus Case report: The patient was a 3.5-year-old boy with a history of long standing conjunctivitis with copious ocular discharge and photophobia, waxing and waning for some time. He also had suffered from occlusive congenital hydrocephalus that required placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Conjunctivitis did not respond to topical medications and recurred after several excisions. Finally an intralesional methylprednisolone injection was performed. Significant resolution of the lesions was observed after one week and after one year, LC was relatively controlled and there was no need for more excisions. Conclusion: In patients with recurrent recalcitrant pseudomembrane, this treatment shortens the treatment period, evokes rapid visual rehabilitation and obviates the need for the future excisions. Also, this report reemphasizes the association of LC and congenital hydrocephalus, which maybe ignored. © 2010 by the Iranian Society of Ophthalmology

Giant cell tumor: Changing behavior from intraorbital to intraosseous mass

Purpose: To present a patient with giant cell tumor (GCT) of the orbit by changing behavior from an intraorbital mass to an intraosseous tumor. Methods: A 16-year-old boy presented with pain, swelling, erythematous of the left upper and lower eyelids, proptosis, and diplopia. Ophthalmic examination revealed chemosis, conjunctival injection, limited elevation, depression as well as abduction in the left eye. Results: Multislice computed tomography scan (CT scan) of the orbit and paranasal sinuses showed a hyperdense, oval, extraconal mass with bone erosion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit showed an inferior lateral isointense, oval, extraconal mass that had indented the globe. The patient underwent superior lateral orbitotomy, and the orbital mass was excised. Two months later, the patient developed proptosis, severe chemosis, and eyelid erythema in the same eye. CT scan showed an intraosseous mass in the lateral wall of the orbit that had pushed the globe anteromedially. Intraosseous tumor was resected, and the lateral orbital wall was drilled during the second surgery. GCT was diagnosed based on pathological survey. Conclusion: Following the resection of the orbital GCT, the tumor behavior may change to an intraosseous lesion. © 2020 Iranian Society of Ophthalmology. All rights reserved