Giant sialolith of submandibular gland: A case report

Sialolithiasis is the most common disease of the salivary glands after mumps. The main site of salivary gland stones formation is the submandibular gland, followed by parotid and sublingual gland. Here, we report the case of a 70-year-old male with giant submandibular gland calculus of size 3.3 cm × 2.1 cm × 1.5 cm with an inflamed gland. We reviewed the literature and found that submandibular gland sialolith measuring 10 mm in greatest dimension is very common, but large sialolith like the one seen in this case is relatively rare and only 18 cases have been reported in the literature with calculus size >3.0 cm till date. The largest reported sialolith was 6 cm in length and had a weight of 50 g. Non-enhanced computed tomography is recommended when salivary stones are suspected

Role of magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transrectal ultrasound in evaluation of prostatic pathologies with focus on prostate cancer

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is an important medical and socio-economical problem due to its increasing incidence. The development of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, and a continuing decrease in the rates of other common neoplasms, such as lung and stomach since mid-1980s, prostate cancer has become one of the most common cancers among men. Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men, preceded only by lung cancer, and its early diagnosis is crucial for a successful treatment, that will prolong survival and improve quality of life. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in detecting prostatic pathologies and staging of prostate cancer by correlating these methods with histopathological results. Material/Methods: The study is a cross-sectional diagnostic study performed in 66 patients with a high degree of clinical suspicion of prostatic pathology. All patients underwent TRUS, T1W, T2W, DWI, and 3D PRESSMRS sequences, and we also calculated ADC values and Cho Cr/Cit MRS ratios for all patients. Results: Combination of MRI and MRS showed the highest diagnostic accuracy among the imaging modalities in detecting of prostatic neoplasm, followed by MRI, and then by TRUS. MRS plays a complementary role to MRI, by increasing its diagnostic accuracy. Due to a high cost, limited availability and increased scanning time, combination of MRI and MRS is currently not recommended as a first line investigation for detecting prostate neoplasms, hence USG (TRUS) remains the first line investigation due to its low cost, easy availability, time effectiveness and comparable efficacy. Conclusions: MRI MRS has more diagnostic accuracy than MRI alone for detection of prostate pathologies. MRS, plays significant complementary role and should be included in the routine MR imaging protocols. MRI helps in diagnosis, localization, better tissue characterization and staging of prostate cancer. TRUS is easily available, cost effective and has comparable efficacy

A rare case of schizencephaly in an adult with late presentation

Schizencephaly, i.e., split brain, is a rare, congenital cerebral malformation. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best neuroimaging modality for its diagnosis. In literature, only few cases have been reported causing symptoms in adults. Symptomatic patients present as hemiparesis, developmental deficits to seizures. This condition is usually found at birth and presents during early years. Appropriate diagnosis of the disease is necessary to avoid incorrect treatment. Here, we present a rare case of left, unilateral, open lip schizencephaly in an adult patient presenting with partial seizures but with an asymptomatic childhood

A Rare Case of Huge Renal Leiomyosarcoma and Imaging Diagnostic Dilemma

Soft tissue sarcomas are rare mesenchymal tumours. Leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour of smooth muscle origin that generally arises from soft tissues and uterine tissue. On occasions, they may arise from smooth muscle of the vessel walls, more commonly from the veins. Renal leiomyosarcomas frequently originates from the smooth muscles of renal capsule, renal pelvis or renal vessels. Correct diagnosis and appropriate management is very essential in such cases. We highlight the possibility of malignant soft tissue sarcoma like leiomyosarcoma in the kidney. We emphasize on the suspicion of rare possibility and clinicopathological correlation is required to identify such cases, which has pronounced prognostic implications as whether to do surgical resection or biopsy or treat such patient with chemotherapy or radiotherapy vary with diagnosis