Effect of Magnesium Sulfate on Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption Rate In vitro Study

International audienceHypoxic insults initiate a cascade of biochemical events that result in irreversible neuronal damage. Magnesium sulfate agent has a possible neuroprotective effect as it can work at different stages of hypoxic brain injury. Objectives: Magnesium sulfate is used in the neonatal management of HIE as an adjunct medication to reduce Hypoxic Neuronal injury. In this Vitro study, we aimed to examine the efficacy of using magnesium sulfate in human cells to reduce oxygen consumption. We used in-vitro method utilizing foreskin as human cell surrogate. Method: Foreskin specimens from healthy newborns were collected immediately after circumcision and processed within 1 h for measuring the cellular rate of O 2 consumption. Samples were placed in the oxygen phosphorescence analyzer and allowed to run for approximately 1 h. Injection then added magnesium sulfate at different doses into the vial. We analyze the O 2 consumption in the samples at different levels of Magnesium Sulfate; the results were plotted using Kaleida Graph TM software. Results: The rate of respiration reduced with increasing the dose of MgSo4. The Cumulative analysis of cellular respiration rate was before and after an addition of MgSO 4. Collectively yielding a (k) value of 0.08 μM O 2 /min µM O 2 min-1 mg-and 0.04 M O 2 /min µM O 2 min-1 mg-respectively with a significant P-value of <0.001. Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate reduces the rate of O 2 Consumption in a dose-dependent manner

Search and Rescue in a Maze-like Environment with Ant and Dijkstra Algorithms

With the growing reliability of modern ad hoc networks, it is encouraging to analyze the potential involvement of autonomous ad hoc agents in critical situations where human involvement could be perilous. One such critical scenario is the Search and Rescue effort in the event of a disaster, in which timely discovery and help deployment is of utmost importance. This paper demonstrates the applicability of a bio-inspired technique, namely Ant Algorithms (AA), in optimizing the search time for a route or path to a trapped victim, followed by the application of Dijkstra’s algorithm in the rescue phase. The inherent exploratory nature of AA is put to use for faster mapping and coverage of the unknown search space. Four different AA are implemented, with different effects of the pheromone in play. An inverted AA, with repulsive pheromones, was found to be the best fit for this particular application. After considerable exploration, upon discovery of the victim, the autonomous agents further facilitate the rescue process by forming a relay network, using the already deployed resources. Hence, the paper discusses a detailed decision-making model of the swarm, segmented into two primary phases that are responsible for the search and rescue, respectively. Different aspects of the performance of the agent swarm are analyzed as a function of the spatial dimensions, the complexity of the search space, the deployed search group size, and the signal permeability of the obstacles in the area