Effect of Reinforcing by Palms-Carbon Hybrid Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Conbextra Epoxy EP-10 Resin

يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة تاثير التقوية بنسب مختلفة (20%,40%,60%) من الياف النخيل-الكاربون الهجينة على الخواص الميكانيكية لراتنج الإيبوكسي كونبكسترا EP-10 ,حيث الهدف من دكج هذين النوعين من الألياف في ارضية واحدة هو الحفاظ على الخواص الميكانيكية و خفض تكاليف التصنيع . في هذا البحث تم دراسة مقاومة الصدمة ,مقامة الشد , مقاومة الانثناء , الصلادة للمادة المركبة الناتجة المقواة بالياف هجينة من ألياف النخيل الطبيعية و الياف الكاربون بشكل حصيرة ثانية (0°-90°) و بكثافة ( 1.45g/). حيث تم مزج هذه الالياف في ارضية من راتنج الايبوكسي كونبكسترا و بنسب تقوية مختلفة و دراسة اثر ذلك على الخواص الميكانيكية , اظهرت النتائج تحسن هذه الخواص بعد التقوية بالالياف اضافة الى زيادة قيمة هذه الخواص مع زيادة نسبة التقوية بالالياف اضافة الى ويادة قيمة هذه الخواص مع زيادة نسبة التقوية. فبالنسبة الى مقاومة الصدمة ارتفعت من ( ) و مقاومة الشد من (70MPa) الى (365MPa) و مقاومة الانثناء من (1.162GPa) الى (1.55GPa) و الصلادة من( /8.5 N) الى (80N/  ) و لنسب تقوية 0% و 60% على التوالي. يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة تاثير التقوية بنسب مختلفة (20%,40%,60%) من الياف النخيل-الكاربون الهجينة على الخواص الميكانيكية لراتنج الإيبوكسي كونبكسترا EP-10 ,حيث الهدف من دكج هذين النوعين من الألياف في ارضية واحدة هو الحفاظ على الخواص الميكانيكية و خفض تكاليف التصنيع . في هذا البحث تم دراسة مقاومة الصدمة ,مقامة الشد , مقاومة الانثناء , الصلادة للمادة المركبة الناتجة المقواة بالياف هجينة من ألياف النخيل الطبيعية و الياف الكاربون بشكل حصيرة ثانية (0°-90°) و بكثافة ( 1.45g/). حيث تم مزج هذه الالياف في ارضية من راتنج الايبوكسي كونبكسترا و بنسب تقوية مختلفة و دراسة اثر ذلك على الخواص الميكانيكية , اظهرت النتائج تحسن هذه الخواص بعد التقوية بالالياف اضافة الى زيادة قيمة هذه الخواص مع زيادة نسبة التقوية بالالياف اضافة الى ويادة قيمة هذه الخواص مع زيادة نسبة التقوية. فبالنسبة الى مقاومة الصدمة ارتفعت من ( ) و مقاومة الشد من (70MPa) الى (365MPa) و مقاومة الانثناء من (1.162GPa) الى (1.55GPa) و الصلادة من( /8.5 N) الى (80N/  ) و لنسب تقوية 0% و 60% على التوالي.The objective of this research is to study the effect of reinforcing with different percentage (20%, 40%, and 60%) of hybrid palms-carbon fibers on mechanical properties of conbextra epoxy EP-10 resin. The aim from this incorporation of both fibers into a single matrix will stabilize mechanical properties and lowering manufacturing costs. In this research the impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and hardness were studied for composite material reinforced with hybrid fibers for palms and carbon as a woven roving (0°-90°) with density (1.45g/m3). These fibers were mixed with conbextra epoxy EP-10 resin in different reinforcement percentage and studied these effects on the mechanical properties of conbextra epoxy EP-10 resin. It has shown an improvement in these mechanical properties after reinforcement by fibers where the value of mechanical properties will increase with increasing percentage of reinforcement. Impact strength increased from (23Kj/m2) to (170Kj/m2), and tensile strength from(70MPa) to (365MPa), and flexural strength from(0.162GPa) to (1.55GPa), and hardness from(8.5N/m2) to (80N/m2) for reinforcing percentages 0% and 60% respectively

Flammability action of tires material after adding flame inhibitor

Magnesium hydroxide was used as flame inhibitor to increased flame resistance for tires .Magnesium hydroxide was adding with (5%,10%) weight percents to rubber master batch of tire and then exposed the resulting material to a flame generated from gas torch with (10 mm) exposure distance . Method of measuring the surface temperature opposite to the flame was used to determine the heat transferred through tire material. The results were obtained shows enhanced flame resistance for tire by added magnesium hydroxide and this resistance increased by increasing hydroxide Percentage

Behavior study of the steel plate girder with a cellular honeycomb web

Based on the experimental test results of the authors, this investigation is concerned with the finite element analysis to examine and compare the load values and failure modes of the authors’ results. This research was conducted using the Abaqus software. The experimental work included the fabrication of twelve plate girders with honeycomb and flat web plate corrugation patterns, which were then tested under a single concentrated load at the midspan. According to the corrugation dimension or outer honeycomb web thickness, the honeycomb steel plate web girder is divided into three groups (60 mm, 80 mm and 100 mm). The specimens also involved plate girders with a flat web. The specimens were created with three lengths (600 mm, 1,200 mm and 1,800 mm). The Abaqus software was used in finite element models to simulate the concentrated load. The numerical results demonstrated that the 60 mm thick honeycomb web provides a greater load-bearing capacity and shear strength than other girders. The 20 mm honeycomb corrugation on the steel plate girder indicates the increased and improved shear resistance. The conclusion was that as the width of the corrugation increased, so did the steel web’s ultimate load and shear strength, resulting in a positive relationship between the critical shear buckling load of the web and the moment of inertia at the strong axis. When the dimension of the corrugation increases, the moment of inertia of the Y axis (Iy) decreases; thus, the plate girder will fail with a less critical buckling load (Pcr). Also, it can be concluded that as the steel plate thickness of the honeycomb web increases, the shear resistance increases as well. However, the spacing between the intermediate stiffener or the horizontal spacing of the web panel can enhance the shear resistance of honeycomb web girder if it was decreased due to increasing the action of tension field force that resists the diagonal tension developed at the web panel by the applied midspan concentrated force

Effect of shear span-to-depth ratio on behavior of sandwich core steel girder with corrugated web

Girders with corrugated steel web are preferred and widely used in recently constructed bridges and industrial buildings. Sandwich core girders with corrugated web are constructed by adding two plates (skins) to the corrugated web. This study aims to investigate the shear span-to-depth ratio impact on the performance of sandwich core steel girders with corrugated web. Three span-to-depth ratios (a/d): 1.0, 1.833 and 2.5, were examined. The test includes three girders with sandwich web thickness of 30 mm, three girders with 60 mm sandwich web thickness, and three girders with conventional flat webs. A total of nine simply supported steel girders subjected to a concentrated load were fabricated and tested up to failure. The responses of the examined girders are presented in term of the load deflection curves, the ultimate load, and the maximum displacement. Among the conclusions drawn in this study that girders with sandwich core thickness of 30 mm demonstrate higher ultimate load capacity than girders with sandwich core of 60 mm, the maximum difference in the ultimate load capacity was about 20% and can be seen at a/d equals to 1.0. The results also pointed out that the behavior of the beams was noticeably impacted by the shear span-to-depth ratio