Effect of Bending Moment Changes on the Rate of Axial Bearing of Composite Columns

At present, Concrete Filled Steel Tubes (CFST) are extensively used in modern structures due to their static and vibrating strength specifications. In this research, a new design model is studied for steel-concrete composite columns under the title of steel tube-shaped columns filled with self-consolidating reinforced concrete with high strength. In this composite column, an I- or cruciform steel hollow-square section is placed inside a square steel tube and the self-consolidating concrete with high strength is poured inside the tube. The ABAQUS software was used to analyze by finite element method (FEM) thirteen composite columns exposed to compression and bending. The effects of the concrete strength, the ratio of width to thickness, the ratio of length to width, and the ratio of the steel cross-section on the strength of these composite columns were evaluated. The results showed that the steel hollow-square section paced inside limited the formation of the diametric shear cracks in the concrete core. Therefore, the failure mode and the post-yield behavior change the composite short columns. The load curves against the axial strain; the stress distribution of the composite columns; and also the interaction curves of the nominal axial load and the nominal bending moment are shown. The comparison of the results computed by the use of FEM modeling showed good compatibility with the laboratory results

Hypovitaminosis D Causing Idiopathic Musculoskeletal Pain in Children

OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in children presenting with Idiopathic musculoskeletal pain IMSP). METHODOLOGY The cross-sectional research was carried out at Peshawar’s Hayatabad Medical Complex’s Department of Pediatrics. The study duration was 6 months. The study comprised 151 patients with non-specific musculoskeletal pain who were tested for vitamin D levels to diagnose hypovitaminosis. RESULTS The age range of the participants was 3 to 15 years with a male predominance of 72.8%. The sample’s average the weight was above the 25 percentile. Hypovitaminosis D was found in 23.2%. Decreased sun exposure was documented in 82.85% of cases with hypovitaminosis. Hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and increased alkaline phosphatase were documented in 71.4%, 11.4% and 42.8% participants respectively with hypovitaminosis. CONCLUSION Hypovitaminosis D Is one of the risk factors for non-specific musculoskeletal pain but the current study revealed only 23.2% of participants had hypovitaminosis and inadequate sun exposure was a major risk factor for hypovitaminosis

Petrophysical and Geochemical Analysis of Chichali Formation for the Source Rock Evaluation: A Case Study of Chanda-01 Well, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan

A source rock has the ability of generating hydrocarbons after the maturation of the organic component for a specific period of time. The hydrocarbon generation and release from a potential source rock is dependent on the content of the organic matter, which is determined by Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content. In this research, the Chichali Formation of Cretaceous age is considered to be a source rock in the Chanda gas field, Upper Indus Basin on the basis of petrophysical and geochemical results of well Chanda-01. The study includes computation of TOC, mineralogy and parameters like porosity, permeability and fluid saturation which have been carried out from Well log data. Additionally, geochemical results of the well have been incorporated in order to calibrate and authenticate both results. The formation is encountered at a depth of 4543 m in Chanda-01 well and its thickness is about 34 m. The formation has been divided into two parts on the basis of lithology. The upper part is representing sandy shale, whereas the lower part exhibits massive shale unit. The log data of natural gamma ray, resistivity, density and spectral gamma ray, including uranium, thorium and potassium curves have been interpreted in the lower part of the formation, which confirms that the formation is possibly deposited in anoxic conditions with sufficient organic rich content. Moreover, geochemical analysis of the rock cuttings of the well shows good Vitrinite Reflectance and TOC results which complement the results obtained from the petrophysical analysis. Seven rock samples of Chichali Formation have been analyzed for its TOC & VR value which confirms that shale in this area has fair source potential as the average value of both tests against these samples are greater than 1%. Therefore, having fair source rock potential in Chanda gas field, there is a possibility that Chichali Formation could be a potential source in the other fields of Upper and Middle Indus basins and a prospect for the shale gas resource as well

The Role of Distribution Channels and Educational level towards Insurance Awareness among the General Public

This research study aims at giving an overview of the emerging research field of Islamic insurance in a phase that is still under debate among Muslim nations. No doubt, Takaful (Islamic insurance) is growing rapidly but it is still behind conventional insurance. Most of the researches reveal the fact that general public is unaware about Takaful and Takaful awareness level is low among general public. Researchers and practitioners are trying to explore the crucial factors which creates Takaful awareness among general public. However, only few studies are available in Pakistan which formally documented the issue and explore different Takaful awareness factors among general public of Pakistan. Therefore, the ultimate objective of this study is to find out general factors which enhance Takaful awareness level among general public of Pakistan. To achieve this objective, three hypotheses are proposed concerning the relationship of Takaful awareness level and other Takaful awareness factors such as Educational Level of general public, Religious Orientation of general public and Takaful Distribution Channels. Primary data was collected from general public of Pakistan by using 5-point Likert scale. These hypotheses predicting a positive relationship between Takaful awareness level and awareness factors (i.e., educational level, religious orientation, distribution channels). However, religious orientation has higher impact as compared to Takaful distribution channels and educational level. Study found that these three factors are crucial to enhance Takaful awareness level among general public. Hence, this study is contributing in the body of knowledge by exploring the vital factors to enhance Takaful awareness level and tried to resolve the important issue of Takaful awareness by developing a framework. This study is more significant for practitioners to enhance Takaful awareness level by exercising these three factors among general public of Pakistan

Study of anemia types in the blood parameters among children of Baqubah city

Background: Anemia is the most common condition in blood diseases, is caused by              a decrease in hemoglobin concentration on normal level . Objective:To the increased prevalence of anemia among children and women and The Purpose of recognize the types of anemia among children in Ba'qubah and How to diagnose and reduce the prevalence of anemia among children. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in the Al-Batoul pediatric Hospital of Diyala Health Department for the duration of the first of October and ends on the 31st of December of the year 2016 , which collect 383 ( 212 male 55% , 171 female 45% ) blood samples of children sick Anemic ( Hemoglobin levels less than 11.0 g/DL) with age range between 1-15 years , with 2.5 cm 3 venous blood into a tube containing (EDTA) Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid for blood picture, adopting the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in classification anemia MCV 100 fl, as a bloody tinge to help with microscopy . Results: The results of the current study showed that most anemic patients samples was of mean corpuscular volume for less 80fl, represented by iron deficiency anemia by 45.69% and Thalassemia by 38.12% . While the mean corpuscular volume range between MCV = 80-100 fl ratio 13.05% spread on the sickle by 4.96% and Spherocytosis anemia by 8.09 %, while the mean corpuscular volume for more than 100 fl at ratio low 3.13% and represented by vitamin B12 anemia, which showed the latter strongest decrease in numbers of red blood cells and hemoglobin level, And this decrease in numbers of red blood cells and hemoglobin level was strongest in the Thalassemia and sickle cell anemia, compared by iron deficiency anemia, and Spherocytosis anemia , while decrease mean corpuscular hemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia and Thalassemia and increase in  Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. As the study indicated that the numbers of white blood cells exceeded the normal in patients with Thalassemia and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia . Conclusion:The present study concludes that there is strongest decrease in numbers of red blood cells and hemoglobin in patients with hemolytic anemia and lack vitamin B12 with very high numbers of white blood cells

A Comparison of Sperm Motility Between Fertile and Infertile Males

Background: To determine the sperm motility of proven fertile males and compare this with that of infertile males. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional comparative and was carried out at Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi and its attached Railway hospital and Islamabad Clinic Serving Infertile Couples Islamabad, from June 2005 to July 2006. Fifty healthy fertile males were selected and their sperm motility was determined with the latest Makler’s chamber, while another 50 infertile males were recruited as controls. The sampling technique used was convenience non-probability. Inclusion criterion for proven fertile males was pregnancy achieved within one year of marriage with successful coituses. In case of infertile males it was failure to achieve pregnancy without the use of assisted reproductive techniques, with no infertility factors in the female partner. The semen samples were obtained at the laboratory after 3 to 4 days of sexual abstinence with clear written and oral instructions given to the subjects before the collection of the sample. Results: The infertile group was found to be statistically older than the proven fertile group i.e. (36.60 versus 31.32 years). Proven fertile group showed significantly higher motility (60.32 ± 10.80%) and progressive motility (14.32 ± 8.31%) than the infertile male group. Conclusion: Sperm motility is useful in in-vivo situation to find males having a greater possibility of infertility problem. More studies with a larger sample size are required to establish a cut-off value in the local population

Evaluation of Tomato Hybrids for Resistance against Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV)

Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) drastically affects the tomato production worldwide. To deal with this problem, breeding of ToMV-resistant hybrids/varieties is the ultimate need and most successful approach. In wild tomato species, three dominant ToMV-resistant genes (Tm-1, Tm-2 and Tm-22 ) were identified and the World Vegetable Center developed few fresh market tomato lines resistant to ToMV by the introgression of these genes. Recently at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan a breeding programme was initiated to develop high yielding and ToMV tolerant hybrids using these lines. Current study was performed to screen elite F1 hybrids carrying Tm gene along with their parents against ToMV using mechanical inoculation, confirmation of the virus using DAS-ELISA and marker assisted selection of hybrids. Out of 28 hybrids and 17 parent accessions/genotypes, eight hybrids and five accessions were found to be highly resistant and the virus was not detected in DAS-ELISA. Five hybrids were resistant, nine hybrids and four genotypes were tolerant, while the remaining six hybrids and eight genotypes were susceptible. For the confirmation of Tm-22 gene, the tomato hybrids and their parents were subjected to molecular analysis using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) primers. The result of CAPS markers for the confirmation of Tm-22 gene was found consistent with phenotypic data of the inoculated tomato genotypes/ hybrids. Higher phenolic content, total soluble proteins, better CAT and SOD activities were positively correlated with resistance. Screening results based on phenotype, biochemical and molecular marker data indicate that hybrids carrying Tm-22 gene are good sources of resistance against ToMV

Grain nutritional and antioxidant profiling of diverse lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) genetic resources revealed genotypes with high nutritional value

The lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus ssp. Culinaris) is a self-pollinating, diploid (2n = 2X = 14) crop with a genome size of 4 Gbp. The present study was conducted to provide a database for the evaluation of lentil antioxidant capacity, nutritional quality, and biochemical attributes. For these purposes, lentil germplasm, including 100 exotic and local genotypes from different agro-climatic zones of Pakistan, was collected. Significant variation (p < 0.05) was found among the genotypes under investigation using the Tukey HSD test. Ascorbate peroxidase was highest in ALTINOPARK (2,465 Units/g s. wt.), catalase in LPP 12110 (5,595 Units/g s. wt.), superoxide dismutase in LPP 12105 (296.75 Units/g s. wt.), and peroxidase in NIAB Masoor 2002 (3,170 Units/g s. wt.). Furthermore, NLM 15016 had a maximum total antioxidant capacity of 15.763 mg/g s. wt. The maximum values of total soluble sugars (83.93 mg/g. s. wt.) and non-reducing sugars (74.79 mg/g. s. wt.) were noticed in NLM 15015. The highest reducing sugars were detected in ILL 8006 (45.68 mg/g. s. wt.) ascorbic acid in LPP 12182 (706 μg/g s. wt.), total phenolic content in NLI 17003 (54,600 μM/g s. wt.), and tannins in NLI 17057 (24,563 μM/g s. wt.). The highest chlorophyll a (236.12 μg/g s. wt.), chlorophyll b (317 μg/g s. wt.), total chlorophyll (552.58 μg/g s. wt.), and lycopene (10.881 μg/g s. wt.) were found in NLH 12097. Maximum total carotenoids were revealed in the local approved variety Markaz 2009 (17.89 μg/g s. wt.). Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis (Pearson’s test), and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were performed to detect the extent of variation in genotypes. In cluster analysis, all genotypes were categorized into three clusters. Cluster II genotypes showed remarkable divergence with cluster III. According to PCA, the contribution of PC-I regarding tested nutritional parameters toward variability was the highest (39.75%) and indicated positive factor loading for the tested nutritional and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, genotype X 2011S 33–34-32 can be used by the food industry in making pasta, multigrain bread, and snacking foods due to its high protein content for meat alternative seekers. Identified genotypes with high nutritional attributes can be utilized to improve quality parameters in the respective lentil breeding lines

Genetic Confirmation of Mungbean (Vigna radiata) and Mashbean (Vigna mungo) Interspecific Recombinants using Molecular Markers

The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate recombination between mungbean (female) and mashbean (male) interspecific crosses using molecular markers i.e., URP (Universal Rice Primers), RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats). As a first step parental screening was performed and polymorphic markers differentiating parent genotypes were identified. Recombinations were then confirmed through polymorphic DNA markers in many of the hybrids. The NM 2006 × Mash 88 was found to be most successful interspecific cross as many of true recombinants, confirmed by molecular markers, belonged to this cross combination. The SSR markers were more efficient in detecting genetic variability and recombinations with reference to specific chromosomes and particular loci, while SSR (RIS) and RAPD identified variability dispersed throughout the genome. The DNA based marker assisted approach provided evidence for genetic confirmation of mungbean and mashbean interspecific recombinants and escalated the authenticity of selection in mungbean improvement programme