Supernumerary Teeth in Indian Children: A Survey of 300 Cases

The aim of this investigation was to study children with supernumerary teeth who visited the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Rohtak, Haryana, India. Only children with supernumerary teeth were included in the study while patients having supernumerary teeth with associated syndromes were excluded. Supernumeraries were detected by clinical and radiographic examination. The results indicated that males were affected more than females with a sex ratio of 2.9 : 1. Single supernumerary tooth was seen in 79% of the patients, 20% had double, and 1% had three or more supernumeraries. Premaxillary supernumeraries accounted for 93.8% of the cases. Conical shaped supernumerary teeth were the most common type (59.7%). Majority of supernumeraries remained unerupted (65%). Fusion of supernumerary tooth with a regular tooth was observed in 4% of the patients. Talon cusp, an associated dental anomaly, was seen in 5% of the cases. Simultaneous hypodontia occurred in 2.3% of patients with supernumeraries

Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect on Oral Hygiene and Nutrition in North Indian School Students: A Cohort Study

This study investigated the relationship between dental hygiene and child maltreatment, malnutrition, and overall development. The researchers examined 900 students aged 5-15 years from government schools in Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh. The study observed nutritional status by assessment of the physiological status of the body based on its height and weight and signs of abuse/neglect. The results showed that 260 abused students had poor dental hygiene, and 236 of them were mild to moderately malnourished. In comparison, 362 non-abused students had dental neglect, and 232 were moderately malnourished. These findings highlight a significant association between dental care neglect, child maltreatment, and malnutrition. It is crucial to address the social stigma surrounding this issue, normalize discussions, and encourage dentists to identify signs of abuse and inform relevant authorities about potential discrepancies

Adsorption of Dyes From Aqueous Solution Using Orange Peels: Kinetics and Equilibrium

The adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution has been investigated on Orange Peels (OP). The influence of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, agitation speed, temperature and particle size of biosorbent on the biosorption has been investigated. The biosorptive capacities of the biosorbents were dependent on the pH of the dye solution, with pH 2 and 4 being optimal. From the analysis of isotherm data obtained from the fittings of the Freundlich model fits better than the Langmuir model in case of acid blue MTR dye and in case of red 3BLS disperse dye Langmuir model fits better than Freundlich model. The adsorption capacities were found to be 19.48, 36.67, 16.69mg/g for FOP, IOP, DOP in case of Acid Blue MTR Dye and similarly 23.35, 29.36, 27.30mg/g respectively in the case of Red 3BLS Disperse Dye

Management of compound fractures of shaft femur: a study of 55 cases

Background: Compound femoral shaft fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Conservative treatment necessitates a long stay in hospital for traction and subsequent immobilization and chances of wound infection are much higher. The objective of this study was to find out the outcome of treatment of open femoral shaft fractures by various modalities like interlocked nailing, plating and external fixation.Methods: Fifty five patients with open femoral shaft fractures were treated under spinal or general anaesthesia. These fractures were in proximal one third (n=3), middle third (n=29), distal third (n=21). Fifty patients underwent surgery within 5 days of injury. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 Months.Results: Patients achieved union in an average time of 20 weeks (range 17 to 24 weeks). Full weight bearing was started in a mean time of 16 weeks. Mean duration of hospital stay was 20 days. Complications were occurred in ten patients (4 non-unions and 3 patients with deep infection and 3 patients developed chronic osteomyelitis). Conclusions: The results were excellent in 31, good in 13, fair in 3 and poor in 7 patients while one patient lost follow up as he was from far off place. We concluded that open femoral shaft fracture can be well managed by surgical intervention

Enhancing Capacity to Govern through Big Data

Most South Asian countries tend to treat Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a onetime adoption. Their institutions which govern the advancement of technology are relatively slower as compared to their neighborhood East Asian and Pacific countries. South Asian countries have spent a hefty sum on e-governance projects and invested heavily in ICT infrastructures. They have been fast to adopt ICTs and create cyber cities to expand business and marketing hubs so much so that ICT applications have brought a ‗data tsunami‘. It is here that these countries suffer a phenomenal lack of trained personnel for reordering data and finding in it a key to growth. If governments do not simultaneously generate capacity to reorder, select and classify this uncontrollable flow of data, the most likely consequence would be derailment of GDP promotion efforts. South Asian countries need skilled personnel to analyze this almost arbitrary and wild communicational parameters of social media, marketing and commercial sites. Data needs to be analyzed, grafted and cleaned before it is stored in ICT storage spaces within each country. In terms of traditional public administration this is equivalent to storing file-information systematically in accordance to its subject, relevance and priority, subsequently discarding the waste unmindfully stuffed in office cupboards and storehouses. South Asian ICT infrastructure is likely to become an office which has unclassified and unmarked files littered all over its spaces to an extent that it becomes too overwhelming and gargantuan for managers to seek any information out of it. Most institutions such as legislatures, Judiciary and Election Commission to name a few encounter extreme challenges in their achievement graph

Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

With an ever-expanding understanding about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it has been realized that it is a respiratory disease with systemic manifestations. Systemic effects of COPD lead to cardiovascular co-morbidities, muscle wasting and osteoporosis that in turn lead to inactivity and physical deconditioning. This development has a direct impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients suffering from this respiratory disease. Pharmacological therapy leads to improvement in shortness of breath and has limited effect on the physical deconditioning. Latest research has shown an additive effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on improving the inactivity and overall HRQoL in COPD patients. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a comprehensive multimodality program that includes strength and endurance training, nutritional education and psychosocial support. This leads to a holistic approach to management of COPD which results in symptom improvement in patients and decreased utilization of heath care resources. There are several barriers to widespread adoption of pulmonary rehabilitation as a standard treatment. This includes availability, insurance coverage and patient compliance. With inclusion of pulmonary rehabilitation in respiratory society guidelines, there has been a renewed interest among both pulmonary specialist and community physicians. This chapter aims to provide exhaustive evidence based knowledge regarding pulmonary rehabilitation and its beneficial effect on COPD patients

HEMATOBIOCEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RAJ NIRWAN BATI (A NOVEL ALLOVEDIC DRUG) IN WISTAR RATS

Objective: To see the effects of Raj Nirwan Bati (RNB) on the hematobiochemical parameters, coagulation tests, and histopathological changes in the lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen and also to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of RNB in Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 24 adult albino Wistar rats (of bodyweight 200-250 g) of either sex were divided into 3 groups. In the normal control group (n=8), no drug was administered and in the rest of the groups (A and B), RNB@ 26 mg/kg body weight./day and 260 mg/kg body weight/day respectively were administered orally for a period of 14 d. The blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at zero d (before drug administration) and after the 14th d of drug administration in both groups (A and B). The organ samples (lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen) were collected after euthanizing the rats using Ketamine anesthesia overdose intraperitoneally (IP) after the 14th d of drug administration. White Blood Cells (WBC), Red Blood Cells (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin(MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration(MCHC), number of platelets, Differential Leucocyte Count(DLC) i.e. the percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils, neutrophil adhesion percentage, Prothrombin test (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), fibrinogen, D-dimer, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, creatinine, Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Alanine amino Transferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) were evaluated and histological examination of organs were done. Results: After statistical analysis, it was found that the decrease in TLC, RBC, Hb, HCT, and LDH in Wistar rats after RNB intervention in Group A as compared to that of before RNB intervention, was found to be statistically significant (P=0.001, P=0.002, P=0.001, P=0.039, and P=0.008). On the other hand, an increase was observed in MCV, Urea, Creatinine and ALT values in the Wistar rats after RNB intervention in Group ‘A’ as compared to that of before RNB intervention and this increase in values was statistically significant (P=0.007, P=0.001, P<0.001 and P=0.038). After RNB intervention in Group B, the increase in MCH, fibrinogen concentration, and monocytes percentage, was found to be statistically significant (P=0.004, P=0.033, and P=0.001) as well as the decrease in PT and APTT was statistically significant (P=0.007and P=0.002). After comparing the Mean Hematobiochemical and coagulation test parameters in the rats of Group A and Group B, after RNB intervention, it was observed that the concentration of Urea, Creatinine, APTT, and D-dimer were less in Group B as compared to that of Group A and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P=0.022). Histologically the findings in the lungs of group B were more distortion of lung architecture, most of the alveoli become collapse and make emphysematous changes, more diffuse inflammatory infiltrate within interalveolar septa and around bronchioles as compared to Group A. In the liver of group B rats, the histological findings were mild to moderate distortion of lobular architecture, healthy hepatocytes with more activation of kupffer cells as well as larger and more aggregates of inflammatory cells as compared to group A. Histological findings of kidneys in group A and group B rats were similar to that of control group rats. Conclusion: The results suggest that the RNB is having an immunomodulatory effect. It might be helpful in the restoration of coagulation factors and can help treat the COVID patients. No harmful effects on the lungs, liver, kidney, and spleen were seen. These findings may act as baseline data for planning further clinical trials in human study subjects to evaluate the effects on various comorbidities