394 research outputs found
Tardy posterior interosseous nerve palsy associated with operated proximal shaft of radius fracture: a rare case report
Tardy Posterior interosseous nerve palsy (PIN) is rare diagnosis. It is a mostly motor nerve. It is prone to injury around radio-humeral joint due to its proximity to joint and neck of radius. Early diagnosis is must to improve recovery. In our case, 39-year-old male presented with tardy PIN palsy secondary to united proximal shaft radius fracture with implant in situ. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed motor radial neuropathy left upper limb. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brachial plexus and screening of cervical spine was normal. After preoperative investigation, patient underwent PIN neurolysis with plate removal. Postoperatively patient started showing improvement after 2 months. Patient recovered to achieve good grip at end of 8 months. Early diagnosis followed by nerve exploration is necessary for good recovery and improvement
Prospective study of prognosis of intertrochanteric fractures with lateral wall involvement as compared to intertrochanteric fractures with intact lateral wall
Background: Intertrochanteric fractures with fracture lateral wall (FLW) are biomechanically unstable fractures.Methods: 40 patients who met inclusion criteria underwent surgery. Post-operatively patients were followed up for a minimum period of 24 weeks. Radiological and functional assessment was done post-operatively. Endpoints of fracture were studied thoroughly.Results: Secondary lateral wall fractures were common than primary lateral wall fractures. Functional outcome was found to be poor in FLW than intact lateral wall (ILW) group (p=0.01). HHS of ILW fracture was 70, while in FLW it was 46. Displacement was found to be a better radiological parameter to assess reduction quality (p=0.02) than neck shaft angle. Implant position with Cleveland method was found to be a better predictor of fixation quality than tip apex distance. There were 6 (15%) mechanical failures. Screw cut out (3 cases) found to be most common mechanical complication (7.5%). There were four failures (33%) in FLW. Secondary lateral wall fractures were found to have poor prognosis than primary lateral wall fractures. A2.3 was found to have more chance of conversion to A3 due to thinned out lateral wall. Many of them happened when DHS was the implant of choice (60%).Conclusions: Functional outcome of FLW is poor than ILW. Secondary lateral wall fractures have worse prognosis than primary lateral wall fractures. Fragment specific fixation is difficult in secondary lateral wall fractures as compare to primary lateral wall fracture, due to higher comminution
Large Language Models as Annotators: Enhancing Generalization of NLP Models at Minimal Cost
State-of-the-art supervised NLP models achieve high accuracy but are also
susceptible to failures on inputs from low-data regimes, such as domains that
are not represented in training data. As an approximation to collecting
ground-truth labels for the specific domain, we study the use of large language
models (LLMs) for annotating inputs and improving the generalization of NLP
models. Specifically, given a budget for LLM annotations, we present an
algorithm for sampling the most informative inputs to annotate and retrain the
NLP model. We find that popular active learning strategies such as
uncertainty-based sampling do not work well. Instead, we propose a sampling
strategy based on the difference in prediction scores between the base model
and the finetuned NLP model, utilizing the fact that most NLP models are
finetuned from a base model. Experiments with classification (semantic
similarity) and ranking (semantic search) tasks show that our sampling strategy
leads to significant gains in accuracy for both the training and target
domains
Active Segregation Dynamics in the Living Cell
In this paper, we bring together our efforts in identifying and understanding
nonequilibrium phase segregation driven by active processes in the living cell,
with special focus on the segregation of cell membrane components driven by
active contractile stresses arising from cortical actomyosin. This also has
implications for active segregation dynamics in membraneless regions within the
cytoplasm and nucleus (3d). We formulate an active version of the Flory-Huggins
theory that incorporates a contribution from fluctuating active stresses. Apart
from knitting together some of our past theoretical work in a comprehensive
narrative, we highlight some new results, and establish a correspondence with
recent studies on Active Model B/B+. We point to the many unusual aspects of
the dynamics of active phase segregation, such as (i) anomalous growth
dynamics, (ii) coarsening accompanied by propulsion and coalescence of domains
that exhibit nonreciprocal effects, (iii) segregation into mesoscale domains,
(iv) emergence of a nonequilibrium phase segregated steady state characterised
by strong macroscopic fluctuations (fluctuation dominated phase ordering
(FDPO)), and (v) mesoscale segregation even above the equilibrium Tc. Apart
from its implications for actively driven segregation of binary fluids, these
ideas are at the heart of an Active Emulsion description of the lateral
organisation of molecules on the plasma membrane of living cells, whose full
molecular elaboration appears elsewhere
Communication of Data Breaches Through Financial Statements: A Text Analysis Perspective
Data breaches of companies in various industry segments have seen a significant increase over the past decade. Consumer data ranging from emails and bank account information to health information has been compromised through such data breaches that have raised grave information security and privacy concerns among the users and the organizations alike. Companies that are experiencing these data breaches have an obligation to communicate information about these incidents to their stakeholders and they do so through their financial reports. In this article, we analyze financial reports from a text analysis standpoint to identify key trends and formulate theoretical propositions. In that regard, we build on legitimacy theory as a foundation, and consider several factors such as the size of the data breach, type of information compromised, and coverage in the media
High Temperature Oxidation and Wear Resistant Bi-Layer Coating for Turbocharger Housing
An upsurge in the demand of higher power generation has been observed in the last few decades. Consequently, the mechanical components of power generation are forced to operate in the extreme working conditions for longer duration, which results in the accelerated wear and corrosion of the material. Conventional material such as grey cast iron (GCI) is a preferred material of components used for power generation at high temperature. Grey cast iron exhibits poor wear and corrosion resistance at high temperature. On the other hand, an advanced material such as Alloy-718 is capable to withstand the high-temperature wear and oxidation for prolonged duration of time. In the current research, high temperature corrosion and erosive wear performance of grey cast iron (GCI) components has been enhanced by depositing a bi-layerAlloy-718/NiCrAlY coating by using high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process. Furthermore, the high temperature corrosion and erosion behaviour of GCI substrate and the deposited coating has been discussed. The various characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X-ray diffraction, and Vickers micro-hardness testing were conducted for the GCI substrate and Alloy-718 coating, respectively. The Alloy-718 coting showed the increased resistance against high-temperature erosion and oxidation, which can be attributed to its good bonding with the substrate, high hardness and formation of protective phases at high-temperature
A Quasi-PTAS for Unsplittable Flow on Line Graphs
We study the Unsplittable Flow Problem (UFP) on a line graph, focusing on the long-standing open question of whether the problem is APX-hard. We describe a deterministic quasi-polynomial time approximation scheme for UFP on line graphs, thereby ruling out an APX-hardness result, unless NP is contained in DTIME(2^polylog(n)). Our result requires a quasi-polynomial bound on all edge capacities and demands in the input instance. Earlier results on this problem included a polynomial time (2+epsilon)-approximation under the assumption that no demand exceeds any edge capacity (the no-bottleneck assumption ) and a super-constant integrality gap if this assumption did not hold. Unlike most earlier work on UFP, our results do not require a no-bottleneck assumption
A Quasi-PTAS for Unsplittable Flow on Line Graphs
We study the Unsplittable Flow Problem (UFP) on a line graph, focusing on the long-standing open question of whether the problem is APX-hard. We describe a deterministic quasi-polynomial time approximation scheme for UFP on line graphs, thereby ruling out an APX-hardness result, unless NP is contained in DTIME(2^polylog(n)). Our result requires a quasi-polynomial bound on all edge capacities and demands in the input instance. Earlier results on this problem included a polynomial time (2+epsilon)-approximation under the assumption that no demand exceeds any edge capacity (the no-bottleneck assumption ) and a super-constant integrality gap if this assumption did not hold. Unlike most earlier work on UFP, our results do not require a no-bottleneck assumption
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