Flow coupling during three-phase gravity drainage

We measure the three-phase oil relative permeability k(ro) by conducting unsteady-state drainage experiments in a 0.8 m water-wet sand pack. We find that when starting from capillary-trapped oil, k(ro) shows a strong dependence on both the flow of water and the water saturation and a weak dependence on oil saturation, contrary to most models. The observed flow coupling between water and oil is stronger in three-phase flow than two-phase flow, and cannot be observed in steady-state measurements. The results suggest that the oil is transported through moving gas-oil-water interfaces (form drag) or momentum transport across stationary interfaces (friction drag). We present a simple model of friction drag which compares favorably to the experimental data.University of Texas at AustinCenter for Frontiers of Subsurface Energy SecurityUS Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences DE-SC0001114Petroleum and Geosystems Engineerin

The Representation of Gender Identity in the Persian Translations of “Pride and Prejudice”

This paper investigated how the gender identity of the female protagonist in the English novel Pride and Prejudice (Austen, 1813) and its two Persian translations was represented under the influence of the dominant ideology in Iran`s pre-and post- Islamic Revolution eras. In so doing, Baker`s analytical model (2006) was applied by which the ST and the TTs were analyzed at micro-and macro-levels. In this regard, the configurations of features of narrativity in all versions (i.e., both ST and TTs), and the influence of Iran`s ruling systems on these configurations were investigated. As a result, it was revealed that the representation of the protagonist`s gender identity was SL oriented in the pre-Islamic Revolution translation, and it was TL oriented in the post-Islamic Revolution translation. These findings affirmed Baker`s claim that a translation as a different version of a foreign narrative disseminates the favorite social reality in the TL society. &nbsp

Exploring the Strategies of Translating Cultural References in Kurdish Subtitling

The current study investigates the strategies of translating cultural references applied in the Kurdish subtitles of the American movie entitled ‘Scent of a Woman’. This research also determines the parameters that affect the application of translation strategies in the Kurdish subtitles on the movie. In doing so, the English audio scripts (i.e., source text) and their Kurdish subtitles (i.e., target text), were compared and interpreted in accordance with Pedersen’s taxonomy of subtitling strategies and parameters (2011). The results revealed that all the translation strategies proposed by Pedersen (2011) were used in the Kurdish subtitles. However, due to the consideration of the ‘monocultural parameter’, the subtitler most frequently used the strategy of retention in the Kurdish subtitles. On the other hand, he used the strategies of omission and official equivalence least frequently. It is also shown that the parameters affecting the application of subtitling strategies were monocultural, transcultural, infracultural, and polyesemiotics. In sum, the cultural differences between SL and TL made the subtitler adopt justifiable strategies depending on availability of specific parameters

Cerebellar syndrome with meningoencephalitis due to Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

We report a 24-year-old woman with a Mycoplasma pneumonitis associated with subacute meningoencephalitis and acute cerebellitis that caused a cerebellar atrophy. Electroencephalogram showed diffuse dysfunction in the brain. There was few white blood cell but normal glucose and protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Brain MRI showed bilateral atrophy of cerebellum

Comparison of antibiotics and bacteriocins antibacterial activity on Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri

Citrus canker is a citrus disease species created by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri. Many citrus, such as oranges, lime, and grapefruit are affected by the infectious bacteria and stems, leaves and fruits are experiencing loss. In this experiment antibacterial effects of five kinds of antibiotics including ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin, Cronobacteriocin DGH2 and Enterobacteriocin DGH4 were evaluated on 107 strains of Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri. MIC and MBC data for antibiotics and bacteriocins against Xanthomonas strains were performed. According to this project, Xanthomonas strains were comparatively susceptible and resistant to Cronobacteriocin DGH2, Enterobacteriocin DGH4, ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, penicillin and streptomycin. NIGEB-183 strain is the most sensitive to these antibiotics and bacteriocins. However, only the NIGEB-242R1 strain is resistant to chloramphenicol. Penicillin has minimum inhibitory effects on Xanthomonas strains. Based on this case study, chloramphenicol is the most antibacterial activity among antibacterial agents and this compound is a good candidate for inhibitory activity. Cronobacteriocin DGH2 has a moderate antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas strains

Chitinase isolated from water and soil bacteria in shrimp farming ponds

Chitinases have received attention because of their wide applications in the medicine, biotechnology, agriculture, waste management and industrial applications such as food quality enhancer and biopesticide. Excessive use of insecticides has led to several problems related to pollution and environmental degradation. In this study, isolation and identification of native bacterial strains with chitin hydrolysis activity, took place from water and soil of shrimp culture ponds in Bushehr and Abadan. To investigate the capacity of our chitinase for using in insecticide, biochemical properties of selected chitinase obtained in this research were compared to that of produced by Bacillus cereus p-1, isolated from an insecticide tablet. In this research, three mesophilic strains containing: Serratia marcescens B4A, Citrobacter freundii B1A and Bacillus cereus B3R were isolated. Results showed a 1600 bp band corresponding to chitinase gene. The similarity between temperature and pH profile and stability of chitinase was extracted from native bacteria and ones was obtained from Bacillus cereus p-1 implied that chitinase extracted from Serratia marcescens B4A has potential application in industry

The synthetic triterpenoid RTA dh404 (CDDO-dhTFEA) restores endothelial function impaired by reduced Nrf2 activity in chronic kidney disease

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and accelerated cardiovascular disease, which are largely driven by systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation in CKD are associated with and, in part, due to impaired activity of the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2. RTA dh404 is a synthetic oleanane triterpenoid compound which potently activates Nrf2 and inhibits the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. This study was designed to test the effects of RTA dh404 on endothelial function, inflammation, and the Nrf2-mediated antioxidative system in the aorta of rats with CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. Sham-operated rats served as controls. Subgroups of CKD rats were treated orally with RTA dh404 (2mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 12 weeks. The aortic rings from untreated CKD rats exhibited a significant reduction in the acetylcholine-induced relaxation response which was restored by RTA dh404 administration. Impaired endothelial function in the untreated CKD rats was accompanied by significant reduction of Nrf2 activity (nuclear translocation) and expression of its cytoprotective target genes, as well as accumulation of nitrotyrosine and upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidases, 12-lipoxygenase, MCP-1, and angiotensin II receptors in the aorta. These abnormalities were ameliorated by RTA dh404 administration, as demonstrated by the full or partial restoration of the expression of all the above analytes to sham control levels. Collectively, the data demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction in rats with CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy is associated with impaired Nrf2 activity in arterial tissue, which can be reversed with long term administration of RTA dh404

Improvement of anaerobic digestion of sewage mixed sludge using free nitrous acid and Fenton pre-treatment

Background: Recently, it has been indicated that free nitrous acid (FNA) and Fenton pre-treatment of waste activated sludge can enhance methane production in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. In addition, it has been revealed that the substances used in these pre-treatments are both eco-friendly and economically attractive because not only are they produced in anaerobic digestion, but they are also low priced. Since primary sludge and waste activated sludge are mixed prior to anaerobic digestion in the majority of wastewater treatment plants, this study aims to assess the influence of combined FNA and Fenton on the anaerobic digestion of mixed sludge. Results: According to this study's results, methane generation from anaerobic digestion of mixed sludge was enhanced when using FNA and Fenton pre-treatment, affirming the effectiveness of the individual and combined pre-treatments in anaerobic digestion of mixed sludge. The enhanced methane production was significant in combined pre-treatments (up to 72%), compared with FNA and Fenton pre-treatment alone (25% and 27%, respectively). This corroborates the positive synergistic effect of the combined pre-treatments on methane production. The enhanced methane can be attributed to augmented soluble fractions of organic matter in addition to increased readily biodegradable organic matter, caused by the pre-treatments. Additionally, the amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was assessed during anaerobic digestion, and it was revealed that COD decreased considerably when the pre-treatment strategies were combined. Conclusions: This study reveals that the pre-treatments are potentially applicable to full-scale wastewater treatment plants because a mixture of primary sludge and waste activated sludge was used for the pre-treatments. Additionally, combined FNA and Fenton pre-treatments prove more effective in enhancing methane production and organic removal than these pre-treatments alone. The enhanced methane pro