Peat Resources, its Quality and Condition of Deposition, Bijoynagar Upazila, B’Baria District, Bangladesh

The report is prepared on the basis of peat exploration at 4000 hectre areas of Bijoynagar Upazila at B’Baria district which is in the north-eastern part of Bangladesh. It has been studied extensively for the exploration of peat resources, particularly areal extent, reserve, quality and their condition of deposition. Nine peat bearing areas were identified in the studied area are covering six unions of Paharpur, Haraspur, and Chompoknagar and Uttar Singair beel. Peat was randomly found in surface to near surface at different places of investigated area. The total reserve of peat is about 32.61 million tons in wet condition or 13.044 million tons in dry condition. The chemical analysis of the peat shows average fixed carbon-20.5%, Ash content-32% and calorific value-7000 B.T.U. The quality of this peat is good. Geology, tectonics and environment of any area are controlling parameter for peat deposition. Fluvial and deltaic plain with area of active subsidence are suitable for peat deposition. The peat of the area may deposit from plant material that accumulated insitu (Autochthonous) and transported from short distance (Hypoautochthonous). The peat layers of the study area are found at surface or at shallow depth ranging from few centimeters to 7 meters below surface. Present of clay and silt of the upper part of the deposits indicating that the sediments are deposits usually in the winter season when the current of the water become weak. Moreover, the sediment may also be laid down in stagnant water after the recession of the flood

Can we define a level of protection for allergic consumers that everyone can accept?

Substantial progress has been made in characterising the risk associated with exposure to allergens in food. However, absence of agreement on what risk is tolerable has made it difficult to set quantitative limits to manage that risk and protect allergic consumers effectively. This paper reviews scientific progress in the area and the diverse status of allergen management approaches and lack of common standards across different jurisdictions, including within the EU. This lack of regulation largely explains why allergic consumers find Precautionary Allergen Labelling confusing and cannot rely on it. We reviewed approaches to setting quantitative limits for a broad range of food safety hazards to identify the reasoning leading to their adoption. This revealed a diversity of approaches from pragmatic to risk-based, but we could not find clear evidence of the process leading to the decision on risk acceptability. We propose a framework built around the criteria suggested by Murphy and Gardoni (2008) for approaches to defining tolerable risks. Applying these criteria to food allergy, we concluded that sufficient knowledge exists to implement the framework, including sufficient expertise across the whole range of stakeholders to allow opinions to be heard and respected, and a consensus to be achieved

(Important Chiral Building Blocks in Pharmaceutical Drugs and Natural Products Synthesis)

I herewith declare that this thesis is my own work and that I have used only the sources listed. No part of this thesis has been accepted or is currently being submitted for the conferral of any degree at this university or elsewhere. Mohamed El-Shazly Bremen This dissertation is dedicated to all those people who have always given me the love, trust, and support The importance of α-chiral amines as building blocks in pharmaceutical drugs, natural products, fine chemicals and agrochemicals have encouraged scientists to develop different methodologies for their preparation. Their main goal was to develop a step wise efficient and low waste production methodology which utilizes inexpensive starting material for the synthesis of α-chiral amines in high yields and enantioselectivity. Different methodologies have been developed aiming to meet these criteria. These strategies are discussed and their importance and limitations are critically analyzed

Modelling the crushing behavior of a carbon brittle foam

International audienc

Ювенальная юстиция в Республике Казахстан

The article analyzes the development of juvenile justice in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The features of the emergence of juvenile justice in foreign countries. The UN Convention on the rights of the child, the Concept of development of juvenile justice system in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which served as the legal basis for the implementation of the international project «juvenile justice in Kazakhstan». The features of the formation and functioning of the juvenile court system are revealed, the practice of criminal cases against minors is analyzed. The features of mediation in criminal proceedings against minors are revealed.В статье проведен анализ развития ювенальной юстиции в Республике Казахстан. Рассмотрены особенности возникновения ювенальной юстиции в зарубежных странах. Исследованы Конвенция ООН о правах ребенка, Концепция развития системы ювенальной юстиции в Республике Казахстан, послужившие правовой основой реализации международного проекта «Ювенальная юстиция в Казахстане». Раскрыты особенности становления и функционирования системы ювенальных судов, проанализирована практика рассмотрения уголовных дел в отношении несовершеннолетних. Раскрыты особенности медиации в уголовном судопроизводстве в отношении несовершеннолетних