The impact of maternal emotional intelligence and parenting style on child anxiety and behavior in the dental setting

Objective. The present study investigated the correlations between maternal emotional intelligence (EQ), parenting style, child trait anxiety and child behavior in the dental setting. Study design. One-hundred seventeen children, aged 4-6 years old (mean 5.24 years), and their mothers participated in the study. The BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory and Bumrind's parenting style questionnaire were used to quantify maternal emotional intelligence and parenting style. Children's anxiety and behavior was evaluated using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and Frankl behavior scale. Results. Significant correlation was found between maternal EQ and child behavior (r=0.330; p<0.01); but not between parenting style and child behavior. There was no significant correlation between mother's total EQ and child's total anxiety; however, some subscales of EQ and anxiety showed significant correlations. There were significant correlations between authoritarian parenting style and separation anxiety (r=0.186; p<0.05) as well as authoritative parenting style and mother's EQ (r=0.286; p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between child anxiety and behavior (r = -0.81). Regression analysis revealed maternal EQ is effective in predicting child behavior (B=0.340; p<0.01). Conclusion. This study provides preliminary evidence that the child's behavior in the dental setting is correlated to mother's emotional intelligence. Emotionally intelligent mothers were found to have predominantly authoritative parenting styl

Can galvanic skin conductance be used as an objective indicator of children?s anxiety in the dental setting?

Assessment of procedural distress is essential at assisting children during invasive dental treatments. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of galvanic skin response as a measure for assessment of dental anxiety in children. 151 children, aged 5-7 years, participated in this study. Similar dental treatments were rendered to all subjects. At the beginning and end of the session, modified child dental anxiety scale (MCDAS), clinical anxiety rating scale (CARS) and galvanic skin response (GSR) were used to determine children?s anxiety. GSR was significantly correlated with both MCDAS (rs=0.62, p=0.02) and CARS (rs=0.44, p=0.032). The correlation between MCDAS and CARS was also significant (rs = 0.9, P<0.001). Anxiety decreased during the session in both GSR (rs=0.52, p=0.001) and MCDAS scales (rs=0.77, p=0.001). CARS also showed a reduction between the initial and second assessment, but it was not statistically significant (rs=0.12, P=0.36). The findings suggest that GSR is a reliable and valid measure for assessment of children?s dental anxiety in the clinical context. GSR may help to identify clinically anxious children before dental treatment to provide appropriate interventions

Zeolite-silver-zinc nanoparticles : biocompatibility and their effect on the compressive strength of mineral trioxide aggregate

This study was carried out to evaluate the biocompatibility of zeolite-silver-zinc (Ze-Ag-Zn) nanoparticles and their effect on the compressive strength of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). Biocompatibility was evaluated by an MTT assay on the pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells with 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/mL concentrations of Ze-Ag-Zn. For compressive strength test, four groups containing 15 stainless-steel cylinders with an internal diameter of 4 and a height of 6 mm were prepared and MTA (groups 1 and 2) or MTA + 2% Ze-Ag-Zn (groups 3 and 4) were placed in the cylinders. The compressive strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine 4 days after mixing in groups 1 and 3, and 21 days after mixing in groups 2 and 4. There was no significant difference between cytotoxicity of different concentrations. The highest (52.22±18.92 MPa) and lowest (19.57±5.76 MPa) compressive strength were observed in MTA group after 21 days and in MTA + 2% Ze-Ag-Zn group after four days, respectively. The effect of time and 2% Ze-Ag-Zn on the compressive strength were significant (P<0.05). Mixing MTA with Ze-Ag-Zn significantly reduced and passage of time from day four to 21 significantly increased the compressive strength. Mixing MTA with 2% Ze-Ag-Zn had an adverse effect on the compressive strength of MTA, but this combination had no cytotoxic effects

Effect of the TiO2 nanoparticles on the selected physical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate

Some of the efforts to improve the properties of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) include incorporation of some nanoparticles such as Titanium dioxide (TiO2). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the setting time, working time, push-out bond strength and compressive strength of MTA. The physical properties to be evaluated were determined using the ISO 6786:2001 and 9917 specifications. Fifteen samples of each material (MTA or MTA with 1% weight ratio of TiO2 Nanoparticles) were prepared for any evaluated physical property. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-test. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. There was the significant effect of the material type (presence and absence of TiO2 nanoparticles) on the push-out bond strength, compressive strength, working time and setting time, with significantly higher values achieved in the group with TiO2 nanoparticles than the group without these particles (P=0.01 for the setting time and compressive strength, P=0.03 for the working time and P=0.001 for the bond strength). Based on the findings of this in vitro study, incorporation of the TiO2 nanoparticles with weight ratio of 1% increased the setting time, working time, compressive strength and push out bond strength of MTA

Laser-Casein phosphopeptide effect on remineralization of early enamel lesions in primary teeth

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation following casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) application on calcium and phosphate concentration and surface microhardness (SMH) of enamel surface in artificial white spot lesions of primary teeth. Material and Methods: Eighty teeth with artificial white spot lesions were randomly divided into four groups: (A) distilled and deionized water, (B) Nd:YAG laser, (C) CPP-ACP crème, & (D) CPP-ACP plus laser. SMH was measured using Vickers diamond indenter in Vickers Hardness Number (VHN). Two samples of each group were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were analyzed with the SPSS 17/win. Results: The subjects of group D demonstrated a significant increase in the calcium and phosphate contents of enamel surface compared to those of groups A ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001), B ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001) and C ( P = 0.024, P = 0.04), respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen for mean VHN between groups A and B ( P = 0.002). SEM evaluations confirmed the results. Conclusions: The combination of Nd:YAG laser and CPP-ACP crème could be recommended as an effective preventive modality for remineralizing of white spot lesions in primary teeth

Does the length of dental treatment influence children’s behaviour during and after treatment? A systematic review and critical appraisal

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of treatment duration on children’s behaviour and/or anxiety in the dental setting. For this purpose, a systematic search was conducted in Pubmed/medline and Scopus from 1970 to march 2017 for English language articles that assessed the relationship between dental treatment duration or length, and fear/anxiety or behaviour in children aged <12 years old with no confounding medical and/or psychological history and neuro-psychiatric disabilities. Four studies investigating the effect of treatment duration on children’s behaviour during and/or after treatment were included. None of the reviewed studies investigated the effect of treatment duration on children’s dental anxiety or fear. There was a general tendency towards deterioration of children’s behaviour with the increase of treatment duration. In conclusion, our results undermine the validity of current suggestions about the appropriate treatment duration. Further clinical trials are needed to establish appropriate treatment duration for more effective behavioural management of paediatric patients during dental procedures

Status of decayed, missing, filled teeth index among Iranian children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Oral health status is one of the health-related priorities in Iran. The present study was conducted with the aim to systematically review the status of oral health in Iran using the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index. Methods: In this meta-analysis, all data available on DMFT were reviewed and 35 published studies were included in the study based on search strategy. To estimate overall DMFT and perform the meta-analyses, Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software was used. Results: Of all 876 articles, 35 were included in the study. A total of 21849 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The overall DMFT index was 3.65 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.01-4.34]. In addition, this rate was 2.30, 8.60, and 3.85 among children, adults, and children with mental/physical disabilities with (CI 95%, 1.76-2.95), (CI 95%, 6.10-9.60), and (CI 95, 2.98-4.80), respectively. Conclusion: Mean DMFT in the assessed published data was higher than that set forth by the World Health Organization (WHO). Further planning and taking effective preventive measures to improve the oral health status seems necessary

Assessing the Different Levels of Virtual Reality That Influence Anxiety, Behavior, and Oral Health Status in Preschool Children: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

BackgroundCompared with a traditional behavior management strategy and oral health training, virtual reality (VR) integrated with multisensory feedback possesses potential advantages in dentistry. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the impact of different levels of VR on anxiety, behavior, and oral health status. MethodsThis study was carried out in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from December 2020 to June 2021. We randomly assigned 60 healthy children aged 4 years to 6 years to 4 groups, each consisting of 15 children. The study consisted of 2 consecutive sessions. During the first visit, the plaque index was calculated, and oral health education was carried out in all groups using Immersive VR (group I), Semi-immersive VR (group II), Nonimmersive VR (group III), and tell-show-do (TSD; group IV). In the second session, an amalgam restoration was performed in all groups. Participants’ anxiety and behavior were recorded using the face version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS[f]) and Frankl scale. The plaque index was recorded in 2 follow-up sessions. ResultsThe greatest prevalence of positive behavior (P=.004) and the lowest anxiety (P<.001) were recorded in group I, followed by group II, group III, and group IV. The plaque index scores showed a reduced trend between the first session and follow-up sessions (P<.001), but the values did not differ significantly between the 4 groups during the 3 sessions (P=.28, P=.54, P=.18). ConclusionsThe most positive behavior was observed in the Immersive VR group, followed by the Semi-immersive VR, Nonimmersive VR, and TSD groups. Moreover, oral health education using VR resources can improve oral health status in children. Trial RegistrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials 20210103049926N1; https://www.irct.ir/trial/5347

Simvastatin versus Calcium Hydroxide Direct Pulp Capping of Human Primary Molars: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and aims. The aim of present study was to investigate pulp-dentin complex reactions following direct pulp capping (DPC) with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and simvastatin as pulp-capping materials in the primary human molars. Materials and methods. 120 primary molar teeth which had to be extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly allocated into four groups. Group Ι as a control, underwent DPC with calcium hydroxide. The dental pulp in group ІІ, ІІІ and ІV were directly capped with simvastatin-based materials at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 µM, respectively. All of the teeth were restored with stainless steel crown. After a mean period of 7.41 months teeth were extracted and processed for histological examination and categorized in terms of hard tissue formation and pulp inflammation. Results. Teeth in group I had statistically favorable outcomes in hard tissue formation and pulp inflammation than did the groups ІІ, ІІІ and ІV (P < 0.001). Considering three different concentrations of simvastatin, the result showed a dose dependent trend. Teeth in group ІV showed significantly lower rates of hard tissue formation and higher rates of pulp inflammation and necrosis compared to those of groups ІІ (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The findings of this study depicted that healing with no inflammation and hard tissue formation following statin treatment occurs with a lower rate than that with the calcium hydroxide

Selective properties of MTA with TiO 2 nanoparticles Effect of the TiO 2 nanoparticles on the selected physical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate

Abstract Background: Some of the efforts to improve the properties of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) include incorporation of some nanoparticles such as Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the setting time, working time, push-out bond strength and compressive strength of MTA. Material and Methods: The physical properties to be evaluated were determined using the ISO 6786:2001 and 9917 specifications. Fifteen samples of each material (MTA or MTA with 1% weight ratio of TiO 2 Nanoparticles) were prepared for any evaluated physical property. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-test. Statistical significance was set at P&lt;0.05. Results: There was the significant effect of the material type (presence and absence of TiO 2 nanoparticles) on the push-out bond strength, compressive strength, working time and setting time, with significantly higher values achieved in the group with TiO 2 nanoparticles than the group without these particles (P=0.01 for the setting time and compressive strength, P=0.03 for the working time and P=0.001 for the bond strength). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this in vitro study, incorporation of the TiO 2 nanoparticles with weight ratio of 1% increased the setting time, working time, compressive strength and push out bond strength of MTA