The study on the use of a biocatalyst based on Calcined Cow Teeth-TiO2 composite in degrading the methylene blue dye

Cow teeth are a type of natural biomaterial exhibiting a unique hierarchical porous structure that has not been widely studied in catalysis. In this work, from a simple deposition and calcination process, a Cow Teeth composite CCT-TiO2 was fabricated using Calcined Cow Teeth as a template and employed as a biocatalyst to remove a specific target dye from an aqueous solution under UV irradiation.The composite, CCT-TiO2, with a dosage of (0.2 g/L), at room temperature and a 3 h treatment time under UV light, showed a positive behavior towards the photochemical degradation of Methylene Blue (C = 0.01 g/L) mainly in a basic medium pH = 8 giving a catalytic efficiency rate up to 98%.The main parameters affecting the efficiency of the photocatalytic treatment, such as pH, the mass of catalyst added to the solution, the percentage of TiO2 in the composite, the concentration of MB at the beginning, the presence of ethanol, the addition of hydrogen peroxide and the temperature were studied to evaluate their influence on the degradation of methylene blue.The photodegradation performance is inversely proportional to the initial dye concentration. Similarly, for the temperature, the higher the temperature, the higher the photodegradation performance (removal rate 57% for a temperature of 55 °C). However, the presence of ethanol in the solution has a negative impact on the oxidation process, with a yield of 56% after 4 h30 min of treatment under UV irradiation. On the other side, the addition of oxygenated water considerably improves the photodegradation performances of methylene blue, with an efficiency of dye removal going up to 87% after 1 h of treatment.The excellent catalytic degradation performance and low cost suggest that this process has significant potential for effectively treating industrial wastewater loaded with cationic dye

Recent advances in the treatment of wastewater contaminated with pharmaceutical pollutants: a critical review

Over the last decade, the pharmaceutical industry has driven considerable development, raising the standard of living and health care in Morocco and the world. However, humanity has seen an explosion of industrialization throughout the health sector as the population has grown. This growth leads to the generation of substantial waste, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products. These discharges pose severe problems for the environment. This situation requires efforts to treat this waste. Extensive research has resulted in the development of various methods to minimize or completely detoxify the debris, including physical and chemical methods. Wastewater treatment plants can use physical and chemical processes alone or in combination. Since both types of technologies have inflated costs and require enormous amounts of energy, chemicals, and the disposal of the sludge produced by the processes, interest has turned to combined technologies because they are less expensive and the resulting end products are less toxic. Therefore, in the above context, this review discusses various treatment strategies that have been developed to achieve the goals of a clean environment. The work analyzes the different physicochemical treatment techniques for pharmaceutical wastewater to find the least expensive and most effective techniques for eliminating emerging contaminants. This study examines the different techniques for treating pollutant-laden discharges, such as coagulation–flocculation, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, adsorption, flotation, and hybrid treatments combining physicochemical and biological processes