Geographic repartition of the four spacers genotypes.

<p>Genotypes found in at least two countries are colored (one color per genotype) and genotypes found in only one country are in white. The size of the symbols vary with the number of lice found for each genotype. Only genotypes found in at least two lice were represented.</p

Analysis of spacer PM1, S2, S5 and concatenation of the four spacers.

<p>Phylogenetic analysis of African (black) and Non African lice (blue) using Maximum likelihood method based on spacer PM1 (A), spacer S2 (B), spacer S5 (C), the concatenation of the four spacers (D). For lice being heterozygote, the two alleles were included in the trees and they were called the same with one letter “a” or “b” to distinct them.</p

Spacer PM2 analysis.

<p>Phylogenetic analysis of African (black) and Non African lice (blue) (A) The first 69 bp of the alignment of a subset of PM2 spacer sequences. Two polymorphisms (shown with arrows) discriminate between African and Non-African lice (B) Phylogenetic tree based on PM2 sequences using Maximum likelihood method. For lice being heterozygote in PM2 spacer, the two alleles were included in the tree and they were called the same with one letter “a” or “b” to distinct them.</p

Pictures of lice.

<p>Pictures of lice.</p

Primer and probe alignments with partial Phum_PHUM540560 gene sequences from body and head lice [35].

<p>A portion of the Phum_PHUM540560 gene sequences from body and head lice were aligned with the primers and probes designed for the multiplex RT-PCR assay. Part of the first exon spanings nucleotides 1 to 64 was analyzed. The forward and reverse primer sequences are boxed in black. The FAM- and VIC-labeled probe sequences are boxed in purple and green, respectively. The nucleotides in blue represent single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are specific to head lice. The nucleotides in black represent single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are specific to body lice. BL: body louse; HL: head louse; NW_002987859.1: <i>Pediculus humanus corporis</i> strain USDA 1103172108290 Phum_PHUM540560 (gene sequence available in GenBank).</p

Amplification curves from multiplex real-time PCR assays.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058088#pone-0058088-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1A</a>. Real-time PCR amplification curves for body lice using a partial Phum_PHUM540560 gene in the FAM channel (495–520). <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058088#pone-0058088-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1B</a>. Amplification curves for head licee louse using a partial Phum_PHUM540560 gene in the VIC channel (522–544).</p

Proportion of each genotype among African (black) and Non-African (blue) lice.

<p>The name (ID numbers) of the genotypes found in both African and Non African countries were framed. Genotypes (either African and Non African) found in only one louse were not represented and were grouped as “others”.</p

The oligonucleotide primers and probes used in this study.

<p>The oligonucleotide primers and probes used in this study.</p

Results of the Multi-Spacer-Typing of African lice.

<p>In case of heterozygocy, the numbers of the two genotypes were mentioned.</p><p>NA, not available.</p><p>New genotypes in bold.</p

The Clade A lice examined in this study and the results of the real-time PCR assay.

<p>The Clade A lice examined in this study and the results of the real-time PCR assay.</p