Prevalence of obesity by sociodemographic characteristic in each country, DHS data.

1<p>SE  =  standard error of the estimated proportion x 100.</p

Effect of wealth on obesity within three education levels in the middle-income countries, DHS data.

1<p>Model  =  education (three levels)*wealth quintile (continuous) + age group + urban/rural residence + parity.</p>2<p>ORs represent the effect of an increase in one wealth quintile on the odds of obesity within each education level.</p>3<p>Estimates for education not shown.</p>4<p>Test of whether the wealth effects differ by education level.</p

Prevalence of obesity by sociodemographic characteristic in each country, DHS data.

1<p>SE  =  standard error of the estimated proportion x 100.</p

Sample details by economic classification at the time of the DHS survey for each country included in the analysis.

1<p>GNIpc in $ using Atlas method at time of survey, World Bank classification. <a href="http://tinyurl.com/3bpg77q" target="_blank">http://tinyurl.com/3bpg77q</a>.</p>2<p>World Bank income classification. <<a href="http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications" target="_blank">http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications</a>> and notes <a href="http://tinyurl.com/cnhf9aw" target="_blank">http://tinyurl.com/cnhf9aw</a>>. LI = low-income; MI = middle-income.</p>3<p>Includes women 13–49 years (the rest of the figures for Colombia are for women 15–49 years).</p>4<p>Anthropometry collected in half of the household sample.</p>5<p>Excludes pregnant women; includes missing covariates.</p

Separate, independent and interaction effects of education and wealth on obesity in the middle-income countries, DHS data.

1<p>Estimates adjusted for age group, urban/rural residence, and parity.</p>2<p>Estimates for education not shown in this section of the table.</p>3<p>OR for obesity associated with an increase in one wealth quintile within each education level calculated using the interaction estimate obtained from the model including an interaction between education and wealth.</p>4<p>Wealth effect in the secondary/higher education divided by the wealth effect in the no/primary education group e.g. for Egypt, 0.86 = 1.19/1.39).</p>5<p>Test of whether the wealth effects differ by education level.</p

Interaction between women’s education level and household wealth on obesity risk using the Egyptian DHS a. 1992/95; b. 2005/08.

<p>Each point represents the log OR of that combination of education level and wealth quintile compared with the reference category (education level  =  none/primary and wealth quintile  =  poorest). Error bars represent the standard error of the log OR. All plotted estimates are adjusted for age group and area of residence.</p

Separate and joint effects of education and wealth on obesity. Egyptian DHS 1992/95 and 2005/08.

a<p>Odds ratio of obesity associated with an increase in one wealth quintile in each education group estimated from the model including an interaction between education and wealth (estimates adjusted for age group and area of residence).</p>b<p><i>P</i>-value from the LR test for an interaction between education level and wealth quintile in its continuous form.</p

Sample characteristics – Egyptian DHS 1992/95 and 2005/08.

<p>Sample characteristics – Egyptian DHS 1992/95 and 2005/08.</p

Prevalence of obesity by subgroups – Egyptian DHS 1992/95 and 2005/08.

a<p>Difference in prevalence between the two time periods (prevalence_(2005/08) – prevalence_(1992/95)).</p>b<p>SE calculated as square root of ((SE_2005/08)² + (SE_1992/95)²).</p>c<p>Based on the chi-squared test for the difference in prevalence.</p>d<p>There are only three women in this group so no estimate of prevalence is given.</p