Gross solids from combined sewers in dry weather and storms, elucidating production, storage and social factors

Variation in rates of sanitary hygiene products, toilet tissue and faeces occurring in sewers are presented for dry and wet weather from three steep upstream urban catchments with different economic, age and ethnic profiles. Results show, for example, that total daily solids per capita from the low income and ageing populations are almost twice that from high income or ethnic populations. Relative differences are verified through independent questionnaires. The relationship between solids stored in sewers prior to storms, antecedent dry weather period and the proportion of roof to total catchment area is quantified. A full solids' flush occurs when storm flows exceed three times the peak dry weather flow. The data presented will assist urban drainage designers in managing pollution caused by the discharge of sewage solids

Use and management of public open spaces with particular reference to the Pakistani community in Sheffield

In 2 vols.Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DX194472 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Peach antioxidant and phenolic activities influenced by the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at post-harvest

Early maturing peach (Prunus persica) cultivars can fetch good market value but face a lot of post-harvest problems that lead to the post-harvest losses. The 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) can provide new insights into plant ethylene responses and extend the shelf life and quality of fruits. Therefore, fruits of peach cultivar ‘Early Grand’ were dipped in various concentrations of 1-MCP (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 µg l–1), stored for 40 days at 8 ±2°C with 50% relative humidity and analyzed the fruits for physicochemical attributes at 10 days interval. The highest concentration of 1-MCP at 0.9 µg l–1 significantly improved the activity of antioxidants, catalase, free radical scavenging assay and total phenols. However, the peach fruits treated with 1MCP at 0.6 µgL–1 was effective in retaining the ascorbic acid, lowering the weight loss and fruit decay. Therefore, peach fruits can be treated with 1-MCP (0.6 µg l–1) solution for prolonging its shelf life up to 40 days under low temperature

Fabrication of 2D and 3D Architectures with Silver Nanostructures Building Blocks and Studying Their Refractive Index Sensitivity

In this research project, a colloidal solution of silver nanocubes was synthesized and using these nanocubes as building blocks, 2D and 3D ordered structures on solid supports were fabricated to study their optical properties and refractive index sensitivities. The silver nanocubes were synthesized by the polyol reduction process while their 2D and 3D ordered structures were fabricated by Langmuir-Blodgett trough (LB). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate the size and shape of the nanostructures as well as the morphologies of 2D and 3D structures. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy was employed to explore their optical properties. Finally, 2D and 3D assemblies of silver nanocubes were employed to investigate their refractive index sensitivity (RIS). The SEM image showed silver nanocubes with nominal edge length of 80 nm. Extinction spectra of 2D and 3D ordered structures are different than those in a colloidal state. Intensity of the plasmon resonance modes is higher for the 3D assembly than that of the 2D assembly. A new band in the low energy region of the spectrum appears for the 3D assembly because of interparticle coupling of the plasmon resonance modes. 3D assembly showed a higher RIS (158.9/ RIU) than of the 2D assembly (150.3/RIU). However, nanocubes are less ordered in 2D substrate than its counterpart 3D. Such 2D and 3D assemblies of silver nanocubes (AgNCs) could be potential candidates for making refractive index-based sensors as well as promising surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates

Common Data Elements for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Recommendations from the Working Group on Subject Characteristics

Paroxysmal Cerebral Disorder