Formulation and Quality Optimization of Effervescent Tablet of Glipizide: An Approach to Comfort Anti-Diabetic Medication

The present study is targeted to formulate and prepare effervescent tablets of Glipizide to provide more elegancy, comfortability, and improved pharmacokinetics in diabetic treatment than the conventional dosage. Three formulations (F1, F2, and F3) of the effervescent tablet of Glipizide (5mg) were formulated with different amounts and ratios of excipients. By wet granulation technique, 60 tablets for every formulation were prepared with a weight of 700mg per tablet. Then, the features of both granules and tablets were evaluated by published methods. The angle of repose, Hausner ratio, Carr's index, Loss on drying (LOD), and Moisture Content (MC) used to measure granules property successfully proved right follow ability and compressibility. In contrast, physical and drug content related investigation failed to determine the perfectness of all three formulations. Friability on the formulations was around 0.70%, indicating the expected USP limit of friability (0.5 to 1%). The mean disintegration time of the formulations was from 95s to 105s. The tablet potency assay found 95.20% for F1, 88.80% for F2, and 97.40% for F3. The dissolution pattern of the drug followed a linear relationship with time. After one and a half hours, the highest amount of 59.20% cumulative dissolution was determined for F3 that revealed its strategic improvement of the drug solubility. As Glipizide is a poorly water-soluble drug, the effervescent tablet might mitigate disintegration and dissolution-related limitations and, consequently, enhance the drug's bioavailability

Risperidone upregulates the expression of adhesion molecules VCAM-I, and P-selectin in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Backgrounds: The prevalence of mental disorders has increased in the last decades. Risperidone is a second-generation antipsychotic drug used for major depressive disorder treatment. Our study aims to investigate the effects of risperidone on the expression of adhesion molecules involved in inflammation and other related complications in a pre-established obese mice model. Methods: Two obese treatment groups were administered 0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg risperidone along with high fat. After 6 weeks of treatment, the food intake, body weights, abdominal-fat weights, liver weights, lipid profile (serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), and liver functions test (serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase) were evaluated. The relative gene expressions of PPAR-gamma, VCAM-1, P-selectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also compared. Results: The results showed a significant increase in food intake (p<0.001), body weight (p<0.01), abdominal-fat weight (p<0.01), liver weight (p<0.01), triglycerides (p<0.01), total cholesterol (p<0.05), serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (p<0.05), serum glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase (p<0.001), alkaline phosphatase (p<0.05) and relative gene expression of PPARγ (p<0.01), VCAM-1 (p<0.05) for risperidone treated groups compared to the obese group. The relative gene expression of IL-6 for both doses was not increased as expected compared to the obese group. Limitations: The molecular pathways of the results were undiscovered. Conclusions: The study revealed that risperidone has an inducible action on fat deposition, liver dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation which may be effective in weight gain management intervention and the safety of risperidone treatment in obese patients. However, further molecular studies can explore the mechanisms behind these findings

Exploring Solar Cell Performance of Inorganic Cs2tibr6 Halide Double Perovskite: A Numerical Study

With a high power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 23%, perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology holds a viable trajectory for commercialization. Despite its attractive features, the use of lead and degradable components in the device need to be addressed. To this end, we have carried out simulation studies to explore a non-toxic and inorganic device utilizing Cs2TiBr6 as the active layer and Cu2O as the hole transport layer (HTL). We have investigated a few of the most critical areas of device physics to glean insights into possible ways of improving the performance of such a viable technology. A PCE of 14.68% (open-circuit voltage Voc of 1.10 V, short-circuit current Jsc of 25.82 mA/cm2, and fill factor FF of 51.74%) was obtained at an optimal perovskite layer thickness of 800 nm. Our investigation further reveals that with increasing perovskite thickness, as J0 (saturation current) decreases, Voc increases. By varying the radiative recombination rate, we quantitatively demonstrate an inverse relationship with PCE, and report out a PCE of 20.49% at a 100X lower than usual recombination rate. A PCE of 14.68% was obtained with an optimal work function of 5.1 eV for the metal back contact. A conduction band offset of −0.1 eV between the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) and the active layer and a valence band offset of −0.4 eV between the active layer and the HTL produce optimal PCE values of 14.68% and 18.97% respectively. Lastly, we demonstrate that Cs2TiBr6 is more sensitive to defect density than the device HTL and ETL by a factor of 10

Numerical Simulation Studies of a Fully Inorganic Cs2AgBiBr6 Perovskite Solar Device

With perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology on the brink of commercialization, the use of lead and degradable components remain a concern. We have carried out simulation studies to explore a non-toxic and inorganic device utilizing Cs2AgBiBr6 as the active layer and Cu2O as the hole transport layer (HTL). A maximum power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.25% (open-circuit voltage Voc of 1.5V, short-circuit current Jsc of 11.45 mA/cm2, and fill factor FF of 42.1%) was obtained at an optimal perovskite layer thickness of 600 nm. Our investigation further reveals that with increasing perovskite thickness, as J0 (saturation current) decreases, Voc increases. By varying radiative recombination rate, we report out a maximum PCE of 8.11% at a 10X lower than usual rate. A conduction band offset of 0.1 eV between the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) and the active layer and a valence band offset of 0.35 eV between the active layer and the HTL produce optimal PCE values of 7.31% and 11.17% respectively. Lastly, we demonstrate that Cs2AgBiBr6 is more sensitive to defect density than the HTL and ETL by a factor of 100. Overall, our results are encouraging and insightful, providing guidance towards fabricating a non-toxic and inorganic perovskite solar device

Exploring solar cell performance of inorganic Cs2TiBr6 halide double perovskite: A numerical study

With a high power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 23%, perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology holds a viable trajectory for commercialization. Despite its attractive features, the use of lead and degradable components in the device need to be addressed. To this end, we have carried out simulation studies to explore a non-toxic and inorganic device utilizing Cs2TiBr6 as the active layer and Cu2O as the hole transport layer (HTL). We have investigated a few of the most critical areas of device physics to glean insights into possible ways of improving the performance of such a viable technology. A PCE of 14.68% (open-circuit voltage Voc of 1.10 V, short-circuit current Jsc of 25.82 mA/cm2, and fill factor FF of 51.74%) was obtained at an optimal perovskite layer thickness of 800 nm. Our investigation further reveals that with increasing perovskite thickness, as J0 (saturation current) decreases, Voc increases. By varying the radiative recombination rate, we quantitatively demonstrate an inverse relationship with PCE, and report out a PCE of 20.49% at a 100X lower than usual recombination rate. A PCE of 14.68% was obtained with an optimal work function of 5.1 eV for the metal back contact. A conduction band offset of −0.1 eV between the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) and the active layer and a valence band offset of −0.4 eV between the active layer and the HTL produce optimal PCE values of 14.68% and 18.97% respectively. Lastly, we demonstrate that Cs2TiBr6 is more sensitive to defect density than the device HTL and ETL by a factor of 10