ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM (ANFIS) APPROACH TO EVALUATE THE DEBUTANIZER TOP PRODUCT

Abstract This paper proposed an ANFIS estimator to evaluate the top product from secondary measurements. Real debutanizer column in one of the Iranian refineries has been purchased and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system is trained and validated with real data. According to results, ANFIS can be used with acceptable approximation in replace of costly measurement instruments as gas chromatographs

Design and Optimization of Heat Integrated Distillation

Process integration is currently considered as the main trend to improve process performance, and is one of the major approaches to reduce the annual operating and capital costs in the plant. For distillation systems, heat integration technique provides such an approach to improve the traditional simple column sequences. This work presents the optimization of distillation column sequences based on creation of maximum possible heat integration and minimizing the total annual cost of process. All the optimum simple sequences and possible heat integrated sequences are designed and considered to find the best heat integrated sequence with the minimum total annual cost. Sequences are simulated and the objective function is modeled. Basic operation parameters of sequences are changed according to the process constraints to find all the possible heat integration and minimize the objective function. The best structures with the minimum total annual cost are designed and compared for the considered industrial case study. Results show the height percent of optimization of process costs by the internal heat recovery of integration.Key words: Distillation; Sequence; Modeling; Integration; Optimizatio

Techno-economic evaluation for development of onshore carbon dioxide pipeline networks

The southern part of Iran has many CO2 emission sources and considerable potential for storage and utilization demand of CO2 such as oil and gas wells. Based on the importance of CO2 pipeline transport in CCS projects, this study was conducted to develop a budget-type techno-economic model for CO2 transmission through pipelines on the southern coasts of Iran. Although the design of a pipeline project with detailed economic investigations has a lower error, it needs spending a lot of time and cost. Therefore, it is necessary to create a budget-type techno-economic model that includes key technical and economic specifications of CO2 transmission pipelines for Iran like similar studies for other countries. In the present study, first, the requirements and the process of construction of a pipeline were described. Then, different economic budget-type models were developed based on the results of different technical models and the investment costs of the pipelines, booster stations, etc. It is worth mentioning that the developed budget-type techno-economic models have uncertainties due to various technical and economic parameters involved in the modeling. Therefore, a stochastic analysis was performed based on the input parameters of the model. For the case study, the pipeline diameter, the investment cost for the 110-km pipeline, and the levelized cost were calculated to be 0.273 m, 18.37 million €, and 1.55 €/ton, respectively which can be for the basic design of CO2 pipelines

Optimization of water pressure of a distribution network within the water-energy Nexus

Pressure control in water distribution networks (WDNs) reduces leaks and bursting. Thus, it is regarded as a valuable solution to cut costs related to the operation and maintenance of WDNs and it is recommended for use in deteriorated water distribution pipes. However, growing consumer demand for satisfactory performance from faucets, combined with reduced water pressure from water supply companies, has resulted in an increased need for domestic water pressure booster systems (WPBSs) and has led to an increase in the energy demand. This misalignment of interests between water companies and energy consumers highlights the water¿energy nexus perspective. This research aims to find a solution for optimizing the pressure of any WDN through the application of WPBSs to simultaneously minimize the cost associated with water leaks, repairs of burst pipes, and energy consumption. This methodology is applied to Baharestan city, where an optimum pressure of 47.6 mH2O is calculated. According to the sensitivity analysis of the inputs, the optimized pressure and cost are most sensitive to water loss and leakage exponent, respectively. Moreover, the hourly optimization of water pressure based on changes in demand and energy prices throughout the day is estimated to cut costs by 41%

The Impact of Energy Transition on the Geopolitical Importance of Oil-Exporting Countries

With the changes that have taken place in energy-related technologies, the United States has been less affected by the geopolitical risks associated with the supply of fossil fuel energy resources, especially crude oil. When the price of oil is low, the geopolitical situation of U.S. energy contrasts with that of other oil-producing countries, which are facing financial pressure due to low oil prices and a high domestic energy demand. Many other countries have been supplying crude oil compared to half a century ago, reducing the strategic importance of major oil exporters, such as key OPEC members in the Persian Gulf. The shale oil revolution in the United States and the transition of energy in countries around the world to more sustainable energy sources, especially renewable energy, have reduced the importance of security in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf for U.S. politicians, which will be intensified in the future. Especially from the middle of the Carter administration period, U.S. politicians saw the security of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf as a prerequisite for securing energy supplies for the U.S. economy, but that has changed. Despite the disruption of Russia’s fossil fuel energy supply, as one of the main energy suppliers, due to sanctions from February 2022, the global energy carriers’ prices are relatively under control. Energy transition is one of the main contributors to lowering the impact of fossil fuel energy supply disruptions on the global economy

Algae-Powered Buildings: A Review of an Innovative, Sustainable Approach in the Built Environment

Environmental pollution, global warming, energy consumption, and limited natural resources are some key factors from which today’s built environment faces interrelated problems and their management plays a vital role in sustainability. The building sector is involved in 35% of global energy usage and 40% of energy related CO2 emissions. Application of bioactive elements on buildings’ façades is a novel approach for solving the above-mentioned problems. Management of some important factors such as thermal comfort, energy efficiency, wastewater treatment, and CO2 capture is positively affected by bioactive façades because of their environmentally friendly nature. They also have positive effects on global warming, pollution control, social wealth, and sustainable development on a larger scale. The buildings integrated with photobioreactors (PBRs) can meet their thermal needs due to thermal insulation, shading, solar collection, and light-to-biomass conversion. Energy savings up to 30% are estimated to be met by PBR-integrated buildings due to reduced heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting loads. The above amount of energy saving results in less CO2 emission. Moreover, the algae-integrated buildings can sequester CO2 with an average sequestration rate of 5 g/ft2/day when optimum growing environments and operation modes are implemented. This study is an overview of microalgae intervention and PBR-adapted buildings as an innovative approach for energy efficiency in the built environment with regard to implemented or speculative cases, pros and cons, challenges, and prospects

Establishing Surrogate Model to Predict the Optimal Thermodynamic and Economic Performance of a Packed Bed Humidifier via Multi-Objective Optimization

In this paper, to optimize the thermodynamic and economic performance of a packed bed humidifier, a multi-objective optimization combined response surface method with a genetic algorithm is employed. The critical parameters, including geometric and thermodynamic parameters, are designated as the impact factors, and the objective functions contain unit humidification capacity of volume and unit humidification capacity of cost in a Box–Behnken design. The results of the analysis of variance demonstrated that the quadratic regression models of objectives are reliable and robust. It is found that the liquid–gas ratio, the interaction of the liquid–gas ratio, and inlet water temperature are simultaneously the strongest influence factors for the thermodynamic and economic indicators among the independent and interactive parameters. In addition, the optimal parameter group is found out through a genetic algorithm, and the actual optimal results are obtained as 0.11 kgs−1m−3 for thermodynamic performance and 15.86 kg$−1 for economic performance. Furthermore, it is shown that the thermodynamic performance improves by 56% and the economic performance increases by 6.55%, compared with optimum experimental design points. During the optimization design process, the computational time to find the optimal values reduces from 69,000 s with previous mathematical models to 10 s with established regression models. Additionally, a series of Pareto-optimal points for possible best thermodynamic and economic performance give the reference for the designers of packed bed humidifiers

Simultaneously Optimization of Solar Water Heater Design Parameters Considering Consumption Patterns

Hot water distribution for different purposes is one of the most important factors which have not been studied in solar water heater design. The main goal in the solar water heater installation is to receive the maximum solar radiation on a unit surface of the solar collector without considering the hot water distribution. In order to achieve the maximum solar absorption with higher efficiency, the optimum collector orientation can be determined by modification of basic solar calculations using consumption time interval and storage tank temperature. The effect of latitude, longitude and altitude on the optimum collector orientation is well investigated in classical solar calculations but the optimal collector performance is also dependent on several other factors concerning the hot water distribution. The main objective of the paper is the simultaneously optimization of design parameters such as collector direction and storage tank capacity by consideration of the consumption pattern. The results show increasing up to 7% in annual energy saving and 1.5% in economic saving