Variables motivacionales y teorías implícitas del aprendizaje en futuros profesores de Educación Secundaria

En el contexto del estudio del pensamiento del profesor, analizamos en esta investigación las relaciones existentes entre siete variables motivacionales y las teorías implícitas del aprendizaje en un grupo de 111 alumnos del Máster Universitario de Educación Secundaria en el curso académico 2011-2012. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuasiexperimental, empleando para la medida de las teorías implícitas un cuestionario de 11 preguntas con triple opción de respuesta. Cada una de las opciones representa una de las tres teorías de dominio sobre el aprendizaje: directa, interpretativa o constructiva (Pozo y Scheuer, 1999). Paralelamente, se midieron siete variables de motivación contextualizadas en la Teoría de la Autodeterminación de Deci y Ryan (2000). Los resultados muestran la relación entre las concepciones actuales del aprendizaje de los estudiantes y las autopercepciones motivacionales, actuales y retrospectivas, sugiriendo la importancia de las experiencias educativas vividas en los años de Educación Secundaria sobre las concepciones del aprendizaje en la actualidad.Taking into account the teacher way of thinking, in this study we analyzed the relationship between seven motivational variables and the implicit learning theories in a group of 111 students taking the Master Degree on Secondary Education, in the academic year 2011-2012. We carried out a cuasi-experimental study. Implicit theories were measured by an eleven-item questionnaire with triple choice answers, each of them representing one domain of the three learning theories: direct, interpretative and constructivist (Pozo & Scheuer, 1999). Parallel, seven motivational variables from the Self-determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) were measured. The results have shown the relationship between the students’ current learning conceptions and the current and retrospective motivational self-perceptions, suggesting that life experiences in Secondary School years have an important role in the current learning conceptions

Excess Weight in Relation to Lifestyle Habits in Spanish First-Year University Students: Differences between Pre- and Post-COVID-19—A Serial Cross-Sectional Study Based on uniHcos Project

This research was funded by National Drug Plan from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain: 2010|145, 2013|034, 2020|030; Instituto de Salud Carlos III: PI16/01947. Lorena Botella-Juan: predoctoral contract financed by the European Social Fund (EDU/842/2022) and the "Junta de Castilla y León—Consejería de Educación (Spain).The objective of this research was to study the relationship between the body weight and diet, physical activity, and other habits among freshmen students by sex, and to determine whether these habits have changed during the post-era of the COVID-19 pandemic. A serial cross-sectional study with data from 11 Spanish universities was carried out. In total, 10,096 first-year university students (73.2% female, mean age = 19.0 ± 1.5 years) completed an online self-administered questionnaire between 2012 and 2022. For some analyses, questionnaires were categorized by the year in which the survey was filled out as Before COVID-19, Lockdown, and New Normal. In total, 72.9% of participants were within the normal weight range, and 17.7% of men and 11.8% of women were overweight (p < 0.001). The students who did not meet the WHO criteria of physical activity, spent more than 7 h per day sitting, and skipped breakfast had a higher prevalence of obesity (p < 0.05). According to the period of study, the prevalence of overweight/obesity Before COVID-19 was 16.1% (95% CI: 15.4–16.9%), while in Lockdown the prevalence was significantly higher (20.2, 95% CI: 17.1–23.8) and in New Normal it was 18.9% (CI: 15.7–22.5). Moreover, the study suggests that during the Lockdown period, there was a reduction in the practice of physical activity and an increase in the prevalence of a healthy diet. For all these, it is necessary to propose public health interventions that improve the lifestyles of university students.Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social 030, 034, 145 MISANInstituto de Salud Carlos III PI16/01947 ISCIIIEuropean Social Fund EDU/842/2022 ESFConsejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y Leó

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Evolution of Prevalence and Patterns of Cannabis Use among First-Year University Students in Spain—UniHcos Project

Among university students there has been evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic increased their psychological distress, exacerbated by social restrictions. The main objective of this study was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and patterns of cannabis use among university students, in contrast to previous trends since 2012. Data from 10,522 first-year university students (73.3% female, Mage 19 (SD = 1.6)) from eleven Spanish universities collected between 2012 andMay 2022 was analysed. Prevalences of cannabis use and their differences by sex were studied, as well as changes in patterns of use and its use for coping during the pandemic. It was found that during lockdown, all prevalence rates of cannabis use decreased in both sexes, showing no statistically significant differences and increasing again in the new normal period in both. Among regular cannabis users, 79.7% reportedmaintaining or increasing their cannabis use during the pandemic, and of these, half reported using cannabis to cope. Moreover, cannabis use in the usual household increased during the lockdown. These results showthat although the overall prevalence of cannabis use was reduced during the lockdown, regular users tended tomaintain or increase cannabis use. This could imply two different patterns of use among students, one social and occasional versus the other regular, providing new lines of research for prevention and the implementation of social policies.National Drug Plan from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain 2010|145 2013|034 2020|030Instituto de Salud Carlos III European Commission PI16/0194

Psychological Distress, Family Support and Employment Status in First-Year University Students in Spain

Mental disorders are consistently and closely related to psychological distress. At the start of the university period, the relationship between a student’s psychological distress, family support, and employment status is not well-known. The aims of this study were: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress in first-year university students and to analyze its relationship with family support and the student’s employment status. Data from 4166 first-year university students from nine universities across Spain were considered. The prevalence of psychological distress was obtained using the GHQ-12, a valid and reliable screening tool to detect poor mental health. To analyze the relationship between psychological distress, family support, and employment status, logistic regression models were fitted. Regarding the prevalence found, 46.9% of men and 54.2% of women had psychological distress. In both genders, psychological distress levels increased as family support decreased. Among women, psychological distress was associated with their employment status. The prevalence of psychological distress among first-year university students in Spain is high. In addition, family support, and employment status for women, could be factors to take into account when developing psychological distress prevention strategies at the beginning of the university period.This study was funded by the National Drug Plan from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain (Codes: 2010|145 and 2013|034)

Competencias y contenidos de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería en las universidades españolas.

El Foro de Profesorado Universitario de Salud Pública pretende actualizar la formación de Salud Pública en los estudios de grado. El objetivo fue determinar las competencias y contenidos básicos de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería en España según el criterio del profesorado universitario. Se seleccionaron 43 de las 80 competencias profesionales reconocidas para el ámbito de la Salud Pública. La mayoría, se correspondieron con las funciones de ‘Valorar las necesidades de salud de la población’ y ‘Desarrollar las políticas de salud’. También se consensuaron 47 unidades temáticas organizadas en 7 bloques, con contenidos sobre introducción a la salud pública, demografía, determinantes de salud, epidemiología de enfermedades trasmisibles y no trasmisibles, sistemas sanitarios y gestión, y promoción y educación para la salud. El profesorado universitario consensuó competencias y contenidos de Salud Pública adecuados para el Grado de Enfermería. Dicho consenso constituye una referencia para elaborar guías docentes de Salud Pública en el Grado de EnfermeríaThe Forum of Public Health University Teachers aims to update the Public Health training in the degree studies. The aim was to determine the competences and basic contents of Public Health of Nursing Degree in Spain according to the criterion of the university academic staff. Nursing professors selected 43 of the 80 competences which are recognized for Public Health professionals. The majority corresponded to the functions ‘Assessing population health needs’ and ‘Developing health policies’. Professors also got to agree about 47 issues organized in 7 blocks, with contents on introduction of Public Health, demography, health determinants, epidemiology of communicable and non-communicable diseases, health systems and health management, and health promotion and education for health. The university teachers agreed on Public Health competencies and contents suitable for the Nursing Degree. This consensus constitutes a reference to elaborate educational guides of Public Health for Nursing Degree.La Fundación Dr. Antonio Esteve patrocinó la IV Reunión del Foro de Profesorado Universitario de Salud Pública en el Grado de Enfermería. Este foro forma parte de las actividades realizadas por el Grupo de Trabajo de Formación de los/as Profesionales de la Salud Pública auspiciado por la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología (SEE)

Physician–Patient Language Discordance and Poor Health Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review

Professor Khan is a distinguished investigator at the University of Granada funded by the Beatriz Galindo (senior modality) program of the Spanish Ministry of Education.The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh. 2021.629041/full#supplementary-materialObjective: This systematic review assessed whether physician-patient language concordance, compared with discordance, is associated with better health outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, without language restrictions, using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, from inception to July 2020. We included studies that evaluated the effects of physician-patient language concordance on health outcomes. Articles were screened, selected, and data-extracted in duplicate. Review protocol was prospectively registered (PROSPERO, CRD42020157229). Results: There were 541 citations identified through databases and eight citations through reverse search and Google Scholar. A total of 15 articles (84,750 participants) were included reporting outcomes within five domains: diabetes care (four studies), inpatient care (five studies), cancer screening (three studies), healthcare counseling (two studies), and mental health care (one study). Ten studies were of good quality, four were fair, and one was poor, according to the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Eight studies (53%) showed a significant negative association between language discordance and at least one clinical outcome. Five studies (33%) found no association. Conclusion: Over half the evidence collated showed that physician-patient language concordance was associated with better health clinical outcomes.Spanish Governmen

Alcohol use and family‑related factors among Spanish university students: the unHicos project

Background: During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out in first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities. Through an online questionnaire, alcohol consumption (risky consumption and intensive consumption or binge drinking), family functioning and history of alcohol in the family were evaluated. Risky alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed using the AUDIT test, and family functioning was assessed using the family APGAR questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the Chi- Square test and Student’s T-Test, and non-conditional logistic regression models were carried out to examine this association. Results: The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption identified in the 10,167 respondents was 16.9% (95% CI = 16.2–17.6), and that of BD was 48.8% (95% CI = 47.9–48.8). There is a significant association between risky alcohol consumption and family functioning in students of both sexes, with greater consumption in the face of severe dysfunctional support (men OR = 1.72; p < 0.001 and women OR = 1.74; p < 0.001) and family history of consumption (p = 0.005). Regarding the binge drinking pattern, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Risky alcohol consumption in university students is associated with dysfunctional family support, unlike the binge drinking pattern, where there is no such association. The findings of this study show the importance of creating prevention programs focused on the family approach in university students, which include alcohol screening in the population with a family history of this substance, and greater social support from health services.National Drug Plan, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain 2010|145 2013|034 PI16/0194

Maternal trauma due to motor vehicle crashes and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To systematically review and quantify the effect of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) in pregnancy on maternal and offspring outcomes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational data searched from inception until 1 July 2018. Searching was from June to August 2018 in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Latin-American and Caribbean System on Health Sciences Information, Scientific Electronic Library Online, TRANSPORT, International Road Research Documentation, European Conference of Ministers of Transportation Databases, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register. Participants Studies were selected if they focused on the effects of exposure MVC during pregnancy versus non-exposure, with follow-up to verify outcomes in various settings, including secondary care, collision and emergency, and inpatient care. Data synthesis For incidence data, we calculated a pooled estimate per 1000 women. For comparison of outcomes between women involved and those not involved in MVC, we calculated ORs with 95% CIs. Where possible, we statistically pooled the data using the random-effects model. The quality of studies used in the comparative analysis was assessed with Newcastle– Ottawa Scale. Results We included 19 studies (3 222 066 women) of which the majority was carried out in high-income countries (18/19). In population-level studies of women involved in MVC, maternal death occurred in 3.6 per 1000 (95% CI 0.25–10.42; 3 studies, 12 000 women; Tau=1.77), and fetal death or stillbirth in 6.6 per 1000 (95% CI 3.81–10.12; 8 studies, 47 992 women; I2 =92.6%). Pooled incidence of complications per 1000 women involved in MVC was labour induction (276.43), preterm delivery (191.90) and caesarean section (166.65). Compared with women not involved in MVC, those involved had increased odds of placental abruption (OR 1.43, 95%CI 1.27–1.63; 3 studies, 1 500 825 women) and maternal death (OR 202.27; 95%CI 110.60–369.95; 1 study, 1 094 559 women). Conclusion Pregnant women involved in MVC were at higher risk of maternal death and complications than those not involved

Perinatal and Maternal Outcomes According to the Accurate Term Antepartum Ultrasound Estimation of Extreme Fetal Weights

(1) Background: The accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight (EFW) at term may be useful in addressing obstetric complications since birth weight (BW) is a parameter that represents an important prognostic factor for perinatal and maternal morbidity. (2) Methods: In a retrospective cohort study of 2156 women with a singleton pregnancy, it is verified whether or not perinatal and maternal morbidity differs between extreme BWs estimated at term by ultrasound within the seven days prior to birth with Accurate EFW (difference < 10% between EFW and BW) and those with Non-Accurate EFW (difference ≥ 10% between EFW and BW). (3) Results: Significantly worse perinatal outcomes (according to different variables such as higher rate of arterial pH at birth < 7.20, higher rate of 1-min Apgar < 7, higher rate of 5-min Apgar < 7, higher grade of neonatal resuscitation and need for admission to the neonatal care unit) were found for extreme BW estimated by antepartum ultrasounds with Non-Accurate EFW compared with those with Accurate EFW. This was the case when extreme BWs were compared according to percentile distribution by sex and gestational age following the national reference growth charts (small for gestational age and large for gestational age), and when they were compared according to weight range (low birth weight and high birth weight). (4) Conclusions: Clinicians should make a greater effort when performing EFW by ultrasound at term in cases of suspected extreme fetal weights, and need to take an increasingly prudent approach to its management

Physician-Patient Language Discordance and Poor Health Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review

Objective: This systematic review assessed whether physician-patient language concordance, compared with discordance, is associated with better health outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, without language restrictions, using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, from inception to July 2020. We included studies that evaluated the effects of physician-patient language concordance on health outcomes. Articles were screened, selected, and data-extracted in duplicate. Review protocol was prospectively registered (PROSPERO, CRD42020157229). Results: There were 541 citations identified through databases and eight citations through reverse search and Google Scholar. A total of 15 articles (84,750 participants) were included reporting outcomes within five domains: diabetes care (four studies), inpatient care (five studies), cancer screening (three studies), healthcare counseling (two studies), and mental health care (one study). Ten studies were of good quality, four were fair, and one was poor, according to the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Eight studies (53%) showed a significant negative association between language discordance and at least one clinical outcome. Five studies (33%) found no association. Conclusion: Over half the evidence collated showed that physician-patient language concordance was associated with better health clinical outcomes.Funded by the Beatriz Galindo (senior modality) program of the Spanish Ministry of Education.Ye