Quark Confinement Physics in Quantum Chromodynamics

We study abelian dominance and monopole condensation for the quark confinement physics using the lattice QCD simulations in the MA gauge. These phenomena are closely related to the dual superconductor picture of the QCD vacuum, and enable us to construct the dual Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) theory as an useful effective theory of nonperturbative QCD. We then apply the DGL theory to the studies of the low-lying hadron structure and the scalar glueball properties.Comment: Talk given at 15th International Conference on Particle and Nuclei (PANIC 99), Uppsala, Sweden, 10-16 Jun 1999, 4 page

Hadron Physics and Confinement Physics in Lattice QCD

We are aiming to construct Quark Hadron Physics and Confinement Physics based on QCD. Using SU(3)$_c$ lattice QCD, we are investigating the three-quark potential at T=0 and $T \ne 0$, mass spectra of positive and negative-parity baryons in the octet and the decuplet representations of the SU(3) flavor, glueball properties at T=0 and $T \ne 0$. We study also Confinement Physics using lattice QCD. In the maximally abelian (MA) gauge, the off-diagonal gluon amplitude is strongly suppressed, and then the off-diagonal gluon phase shows strong randomness, which leads to a large effective off-diagonal gluon mass, $M_{\rm off} \simeq 1.2 {\rm GeV}$. Due to the large off-diagonal gluon mass in the MA gauge, infrared QCD is abelianized like nonabelian Higgs theories. In the MA gauge, there appears a macroscopic network of the monopole world-line covering the whole system. From the monopole current, we extract the dual gluon field $B_\mu$, and examine the longitudinal magnetic screening. We obtain $m_B \simeq$ 0.5 GeV in the infrared region, which indicates the dual Higgs mechanism by monopole condensation. From infrared abelian dominance and infrared monopole condensation, low-energy QCD in the MA gauge is described with the dual Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) theory.Comment: Invited talk given at International Symposium on Hadrons and Nuclei, Seoul, Korea, 20-22 Feb 200

The effect of repetitive baseball pitching on medial elbow joint space gapping associated with 2 elbow valgus stressors in high school baseball players

Background: To prevent elbow injury in baseball players, various methods have been used to measure medial elbow joint stability with valgus stress. However, no studies have investigated higher levels of elbow valgus stress. This study investigated medial elbow joint space gapping measured ultrasonically resulting from a 30 N valgus stress vs. gravitational valgus stress after a repetitive throwing task. Methods: The study included 25 high school baseball players. Each subject pitched 100 times. The ulnohumeral joint space was measured ultrasonographically, before pitching and after each successive block of 20 pitches, with gravity stress or 30 N valgus stress. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis were used. Results: The 30 N valgus stress produced significantly greater ulnohumeral joint space gapping than gravity stress before pitching and at each successive 20-pitch block (P < .01). For the 2 stress methods, ulnohumeral joint space gapping increased significantly from baseline after 60 pitches (P < .01). Strong significant correlations were found between the 2 methods for measurement of medial elbow joint space gapping (r = 0.727-0.859, P < .01). Conclusions: Gravity stress and 30 N valgus stress may produce different effects with respect to medial elbow joint space gapping before pitching; however, 30 N valgus stress appears to induce greater mechanical stress, which may be preferable when assessing joint instability but also has the potential to be more aggressive. The present results may indicate that constraining factors to medial elbow joint valgus stress matched typical viscoelastic properties of cyclic creep

High Temperature Ferromagnetism in GaAs-based Heterostructures with Mn Delta Doping

We show that suitably-designed magnetic semiconductor heterostructures consisting of Mn delta-doped GaAs and p-type AlGaAs layers, in which the locally high concentration of magnetic moments of Mn atoms are controllably overlapped with the 2-dimensional hole gas wavefunction, realized remarkably high ferromagnetic transition temperatures (TC). Significant reduction of compensative Mn interstitials by varying the growth sequence of the structures followed by low temperature annealing led to high TC up to 250 K. The heterostructure with high TC exhibited peculiar anomalous Hall effect behavior, whose sign depends on temperature.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure

Analytical investigation of magnetic field distributions around superconducting strips on ferromagnetic substrates

The complex-field approach is developed to derive analytical expressions of the magnetic field distributions around superconducting strips on ferromagnetic substrates (SC/FM strips). We consider the ferromagnetic substrates as ideal soft magnets with an infinite magnetic permeability, neglecting the ferromagnetic hysteresis. On the basis of the critical state model for a superconducting strip, the ac susceptibility $\chi_1'+i\chi_1''$ of a SC/FM strip exposed to a perpendicular ac magnetic field is theoretically investigated, and the results are compared with those for superconducting strips on nonmagnetic substrates (SC/NM strips). The real part $\chi_1'$ for $H_0/j_cd_s\to 0$ (where $H_0$ is the amplitude of the ac magnetic field, $j_c$ is the critical current density, and $d_s$ is the thickness of the superconducting strip) of a SC/FM strip is 3/4 of that of a SC/NM strip. The imaginary part $\chi_1''$ (or ac loss $Q$) for $H_0/j_cd_s<0.14$ of a SC/FM strip is larger than that of a SC/NM strip, even when the ferromagnetic hysteresis is neglected, and this enhancement of $\chi_1''$ (or $Q$) is due to the edge effect of the ferromagnetic substrate.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.