Differentiating transudative and exudative pleural effusion by pleural fluid cholesterol

Background: Pleural effusion is one of the common condition encountered in day to day practise. Pleural effusions represent a very common diagnostic task to the physician. A correct diagnosis of the underlying disease is essential to rational management. Today there are a number of laboratory tests available to differentiate exudates and transudates which are considered cost effective to the patients, so this study was designed for the measurement of pleural fluid cholesterol to differentiate transudative and exudative pleural effusions (sensitivity-97.8%, specificity-100%) with the advantage that a contemporary blood sample is not required, thereby lowering cost of diagnostic procedure. Objectives: To study the diagnostic value of Pleural fluid Cholesterol in differentiating transudative and exudative pleural effusions. Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on patients of pleural effusion (n=60)age >18 years patients with definitive clinical diagnosis and evidenced by radiological diagnosis of pleural effusion were taken as inclusion criteria. Results: The results showed majority of the patients were males (63.3%) and females (36.7%). According to lights criteria 46 patients were exudates and 14 patients were transudates and according to Pleural fluid Cholesterol criteria 45 patients were exudates and 15 patients were transudates with sensitivity of 97.8% and specificity of 100% and accuracy of 98.3%. Conclusion: The pleural fluid cholesterol criteria were found to be the most efficient criteria. Since this parameter involves the measurement of only pleural fluid values of cholesterol, it has following advantages-Economically it reduces number of biochemical tests and Simpler as there is no need to take simultaneous blood sample at the time of thoracocentesis

Differentiating transudative and exudative pleural effusion by pleural fluid cholesterol

Background: Pleural effusion is one of the common condition encountered in day to day practise. Pleural effusions represent a very common diagnostic task to the physician. A correct diagnosis of the underlying disease is essential to rational management. Today there are a number of laboratory tests available to differentiate exudates and transudates which are considered cost effective to the patients, so this study was designed for the measurement of pleural fluid cholesterol to differentiate transudative and exudative pleural effusions (sensitivity-97.8%, specificity-100%) with the advantage that a contemporary blood sample is not required, thereby lowering cost of diagnostic procedure. Objectives: To study the diagnostic value of Pleural fluid Cholesterol in differentiating transudative and exudative pleural effusions. Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on patients of pleural effusion (n=60)age >18 years patients with definitive clinical diagnosis and evidenced by radiological diagnosis of pleural effusion were taken as inclusion criteria. Results: The results showed majority of the patients were males (63.3%) and females (36.7%). According to lights criteria 46 patients were exudates and 14 patients were transudates and according to Pleural fluid Cholesterol criteria 45 patients were exudates and 15 patients were transudates with sensitivity of 97.8% and specificity of 100% and accuracy of 98.3%. Conclusion: The pleural fluid cholesterol criteria were found to be the most efficient criteria. Since this parameter involves the measurement of only pleural fluid values of cholesterol, it has following advantages-Economically it reduces number of biochemical tests and Simpler as there is no need to take simultaneous blood sample at the time of thoracocentesis

Plasma Fibrinogen Levels in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic hyperglycemic syndromes, affecting nearly 347 million people worldwide. If unchecked, by 2025, it is expected that diabetes will reach epidemic proportions, affecting 333 million people globally. Much of this increase is expected to occur in developing countries including India. Serum sialic acid levels correlate positively with albuminuria, hence serum levels are raised even before clinical nephropathy is diagnosed.Another biological marker of DN is fibrinogen.Hence, the present study was undertaken to estimate serum sialic acid & plasma fibrinogen levels in DM & DN and to know whether these levels could be used as early predictors of DN.Objectives: To estimate Serum SA, Plasma Fibrinogen levels, FBS, HbA1c, Lipid profile, atherogenic ratios, Blood Urea, Serum Creatinine, eGFR& Urine albumin/Creatinine ratio in type 2 DM, DN patients and healthy controls.To correlate Serum SA and Plasma Fibrinogen levels with FBS, HbA1c, Lipid profile, Blood Urea, Serum Creatinine, eGFR and urine A/C ratio in type 2 DM and DN patients.To find out whether the levels of Serum SA and Plasma Fibrinogen levels can be used as markers for the early diagnosis of DN.Methodology:A case control study includes total of 150 patients, of which 50 were diabetic without any complications, 50 were diabetic nephropathy patients and remaining 50 were age matched healthy controls.Results: The duration of diabetes in DN patients was greater and statistically significant when compared to DM without nephropathy.The mean SA & fibrinogen levels in DN patients were increased &statistically significant when compared to DM without nephropathy

Cholesterol as a Marker in Differentiation of Types of Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is one of the common condition encountered in day to day practise. A correct diagnosis of the underlying disease is essential to rational management. Today there are a number of laboratory tests available to differentiate exudates and transudates which are considered cost effective to the patients, so this study was designed for the measurement of pleural fluid cholesterol to differentiate transudative and exudative pleural effusions (sensitivity-97.8%, specificity-100%) with the advantage that a contemporary blood sample is not required, thereby lowering cost of diagnostic procedure. Objectives: To study the diagnostic value of Pleural fluid Cholesterol in differentiating transudative and exudative pleural effusions. Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on patients of pleural effusion (n=60) age >18 years patients with definitive clinical diagnosis and evidenced by radiological diagnosis of pleural effusion were taken as inclusion criteria. Results: The results showed majority of the patients were males (63.3%) and females (36.7%). According to lights criteria 46 patients were exudates and 14 patients were transudates and according to Pleural fluid Cholesterol criteria 45 patients were exudates and 15 patients were transudates with sensitivity of 97.8% and specificity of 100% and accuracy of 98.3%.Conclusion: The pleural fluid cholesterol criteria were found to be the most efficient criteria. Since this parameter involves the measurement of only pleural fluid values of cholesterol, it has following advantages-Economically it reduces number of biochemical tests and Simpler as there is no need to take simultaneous blood sample at the time of thoracocentesis