QTL mapping of pearl millet rust resistance using an integrated DArT- and SSR-based linkage map

Rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia substriata var. indica, is one of the most important production constraints of pearl millet worldwide, leading to grain yield losses of up to 76 % as well as major losses in fodder yield and quality. Here, we report the development of a linkage map integrating Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, using this to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for pearl millet rust resistance. Genotyping data from 256 DArT and 70 SSR markers on 168 F7 recombinant inbred lines from cross 81B-P6 × ICMP 451-P8 were used to construct a linkage map comprised of 286 loci (229 DArT and 57 SSR markers) spanning a total length of 740.3 cM (Haldane) with an average adjacent marker distance of 2.7 cM. Linkage group 7 (LG7) (153.5 cM) was the longest and LG6 the shortest (45.0 cM). The map was used to identify a major QTL for rust resistance with an LOD score of 27 on LG1, which explained 58 % of the observed phenotypic variation. In addition, two putative modifiers of small effect were detected, one each on LG4 and LG7. The novel rust resistance QTL identified on LG1 is thought to confer a durable slow-rusting phenotype, which is still effective in India more than 20 years after it was first deployed in the previously popular single-cross hybrid MH 179 (ICMH 451). The flanking markers reported here provide a framework for marker-assisted selection and possible future map-based cloning of this resistance gene

Genome-Wide Identification of R2R3-MYB Genes and Expression Analyses During Abiotic Stress in

The R2R3-MYB is one of the largest families of transcription factors, which have been implicated in multiple biological processes. There is great diversity in the number of R2R3-MYB genes in different plants. However, there is no report on genome-wide characterization of this gene family in cotton. In the present study, a total of 205 putative R2R3-MYB genes were identified in cotton D genome (Gossypium raimondii), that are much larger than that found in other cash crops with fully sequenced genomes. These GrMYBs were classified into 13 groups with the R2R3-MYB genes from Arabidopsis and rice. The amino acid motifs and phylogenetic tree were predicted and analyzed. The sequences of GrMYBs were distributed across 13 chromosomes at various densities. The results showed that the expansion of the G. Raimondii R2R3-MYB family was mainly attributable to whole genome duplication and segmental duplication. Moreover, the expression pattern of 52 selected GrMYBs and 46 GaMYBs were tested in roots and leaves under different abiotic stress conditions. The results revealed that the MYB genes in cotton were differentially expressed under salt and drought stress treatment. Our results will be useful for determining the precise role of the MYB genes during stress responses with crop improvement

Genomic Approaches to Enhance Stress Tolerance for Productivity Improvements in Pearl Millet

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], the sixth most important cereal crop (after rice, wheat, maize, barley, and sorghum), is grown as a grain and stover crop by the small holder farmers in the harshest cropping environments of the arid and semiarid tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Millet is grown on ~31 million hectares globally with India in South Asia; Nigeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, and Mali in western and central Africa; and Sudan, Uganda, and Tanzania in Eastern Africa as the major producers. Pearl millet provides food and nutritional security to more than 500 million of the world’s poorest and most nutritionally insecure people. Global pearl millet production has increased over the past 15 years, primarily due to availability of improved genetics and adoption of hybrids in India and expanding area under pearl millet production in West Africa. Pearl millet production is challenged by various biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in a significant reduction in yields. The genomics research in pearl millet lagged behind because of multiple reasons in the past. However, in the recent past, several efforts were initiated in genomic research resulting into a generation of large amounts of genomic resources and information including recently published sequence of the reference genome and re-sequencing of almost 1000 lines representing the global diversity. This chapter reviews the advances made in generating the genetic and genomics resources in pearl millet and their interventions in improving the stress tolerance to improve the productivity of this very important climate-smart nutri-cereal

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Micronutrient Rich Pearl Millet for Nutritionally Secure India

Food is the major source of energy and important for growth and development. Cereals are the important staple foods and the main source of daily dietary energy across the world. But, sole dependence on cereals and low dietary diversity is leading to nutrient deprivation and malnutrition especially in developing countries

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