Dyslipidemia and serum cystatin C levels as biomarker of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundDiabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The diagnostic markers of nephropathy, including the presence of albuminuria and/or a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, are not clinically ideal, and most of them are raised after a significant reduction in renal function. Therefore, it is crucial to seek more sensitive and non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.Objective of the studyThis study aimed to investigate the serum cystatin C levels and dyslipidemia for the detection of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodologyA hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to August 2022 in Tikur, Anbessa specialized teaching hospital with a sample size of 140 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus. Socio-demographic data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and 5 mL of blood was collected from each participant following overnight fasting for biochemical analyses.ResultsIn type 2 diabetes patients with nephropathy, we found significant lipoprotein abnormalities and an increase in serum cystatin C (P < 0.001) compared to those without nephropathy. Serum cystatin C, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and duration of diabetes were identified as being significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy (P < 0.05) in multivariable logistic regression analysis. The mean values of total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) in females as compared to male type-2 diabetic patients. The fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles of the participants were found to be significantly associated with serum cystatin C levels.ConclusionThe present study found significant serum cystatin C and lipoprotein abnormalities in T2DM patients with diabetic nephropathy when compared with those without diabetic nephropathy, and these lipoprotein abnormalities were significantly associated with serum cystatin C levels

Gap analysis of service quality and associated factors at the oncology center of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022: a cross-sectional study

Objective To measure the gap between expectations of patients with cancer for oncology services and their perceptions of the actual service and to identify associated factors at the oncology centre of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.Design An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted using the service quality (SERVQUAL) tool from March to April 2022 on a sample of 256 hospitalised patients with cancer at the oncology centre of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. A paired Wilcoxon test and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine the statistically significant difference between expectation and perception and to quantify the strength of association between the level of gap in the quality of oncology service and dependent variables, respectively.Results Out of 256 patients with cancer included in the study, all of them agreed and participated, making the response rate 100%. The overall gap in service quality explained by the mean and SD is −1.42 (±0.41). The overall score for expectation and perception is 4.24 (±0.31) and 2.82 (±0.37), respectively. Being female, age greater than 65, having a college degree and above, being a patient with cervical cancer, patients with stage 4 cancer and patients who waited for more than 12 months for radiotherapy were found to have a statistically significant higher expectation compared with their perceived care in one or more dimensions of the SERVQUAL tool.Conclusion Patient perceptions of the quality of service they received were lower than their expectations of the quality of service in all service quality aspects at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital’s oncology centre, implying unmet quality expectations from the oncology service users, with tangibility, assurance and empathy being the dimensions with the highest gap recorded, respectively. Therefore, the hospital and other stakeholders should strive to exceed patient expectations and the overall quality of care

Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adults in ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Hypertension is a major public health problem, resulting in 10 million deaths annually. Undiagnosed hypertension affects more people than ever before. It is more likely to be linked to severe hypertension, which can lead to stroke, cardiovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods Databases, such as Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, AJOL, and the Cochrane Library, were systematically searched to find potential studies published until December 2022. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to enter the extracted data. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors was estimated using a random effect model. I2 statistics and the Cochrane Q-test were used to assess statistical heterogeneity across the studies. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were performed to identify possible publication bias. Results A total of ten articles with 5,782 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. In the random effects model, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 18.26% (95% CI = 14.94–21.58). Being older (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.56, 5.66), having a body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 2.1, 3.53), having a family history of hypertension (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.47, 3.36), and having DM comorbidity (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.38, 4.32) were significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusion In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was found to be high in Ethiopia. Being older, having a BMI > 25 kg/m2, having a family history of hypertension, and having DM comorbidity were found to be risk factors for undiagnosed hypertension

sj-doc-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 – Supplemental material for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental material, sj-doc-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis by Gizachew Ambaw Kassie, Amanuel Yosef Gebrekidan, Getachew Asmare Adella, Gedion Asnake Azeze and Yordanos Sisay Asegidom in SAGE Open Medicine</p

Turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To determine the pooled prevalence of turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.Design A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline.Data sources Electronic databases of Science Direct, Medline, African Journals Online, Excerpta Medica Database, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies published in the English language before 31 December, 2021.Eligibility criteria Studies were included with following criteria: (1) studies conducted or published until 31 December 2021; (2) observational studies; (3) Studies conducted on healthcare workers; (4) reporting turnover intention; (v) studies conducted in Ethiopia and (vi) tudies published in the English language were included.Data extraction and synthesis Three independent reviewers screened all the papers for eligibility criteria. Data were extracted by two independent investigators using a standardised data extraction format. Random effects model meta-analysis using STATA V.14.0 statistical software was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of turnover intention with 95% CI. Funnel plot and Forest plot were used to check publication bias and heterogeneity between studies, respectively. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was done.Primary outcome Prevalence of turnover intention.Result A total of 29 cross-sectional studies with 9422 participants met the inclusion criteria. The estimated pooled prevalence of turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia was 58.09% (95% CI 54.24 to 61.93; p value &lt;0.001, I2=93.5%).Conclusion The finding of this systematic review and meta-analysis showed high prevalence of turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. The Government and policy makers should come up with different mechanisms including a wide variety of healthcare workers retention strategies in order to reduce turnover intention of healthcare workers and retain them

sj-docx-2-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 – Supplemental material for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis by Gizachew Ambaw Kassie, Amanuel Yosef Gebrekidan, Getachew Asmare Adella, Gedion Asnake Azeze and Yordanos Sisay Asegidom in SAGE Open Medicine</p

Knowledge and attitude towards Covid-19 vaccine in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

The biggest threat to the effectiveness of vaccination initiatives is a lack of information about and trust in immunization. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of knowledge of and positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine in Ethiopia. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the Ethiopian University online library were searched. To look for heterogeneity, I2 values were computed and an overall estimated analysis was carried out. Although 2108 research articles were retrieved, only 12 studies with a total of 5,472 participants met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled estimates of participants with good knowledge of and positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine were found to be 65.06% (95% CI: 56.69–73.44%; I2 = 82.3%) and 60.15% (95% CI: 45.56–74.74%; I2 = 89.4%), respectively, revealing that there is a gap in knowledge of and positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine in Ethiopia. A holistic and multi-sectoral partnership is necessary for a successful COVID-19 vaccination campaign

Insecticide-treated bed net utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Malaria infection during pregnancy endangers the pregnant woman, fetus, and newborn child. Thus, the use of an insecticide-treated net (ITN) is one of the most frequently advised methods for preventing malaria during pregnancy. Contrary findings have been reported in various studies on ITN utilization among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of ITN utilization and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods Published articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, AJOL and Cochrane library were systematically searched. All cross-sectional studies on ITN utilization among pregnant women were included in this meta-analysis. To estimate the pooled prevalence and odds ratio, a random-effect model was used; and a subgroup analysis was performed to identify the possible source of heterogeneity. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to identify possible publication bias. Results Ten cross-sectional studies with 7,161 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of ITN utilization among all pregnant women who had access to ITN in Ethiopia was 59.42% (95% CI 51.14, 67.69). Statistically significant heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 97.7%; p < 0.0001). Higher educational status (OR = 3.47, 95% CI   2.32, 5.2), pregnant women who had antenatal care visits (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.97, 2.65) and having good knowledge of malaria prevention practices (OR = 10.63, 95% CI   5.31, 21.29) were associated with ITN utilization among pregnant women. Conclusion The utilization of ITNs among pregnant women was much lower than the national target. Higher education status, attending ANC and a good level of knowledge were found to be independent predictors of ITN utilization. Improving women’s understanding of ITNs will enhance their use, and the government and health sectors should encourage pregnant mothers to enroll in antenatal care