Bacterial community in the bulk soil (BS) and in the loosely-bound (LB) and tightly-bound (TB) fractions of the Brachypodium Bd21-3 rhizosphere, revealed with 16S pyrosequencing.

<p>(A) NMDS ordination plot (based on Bray-Curtis similarity), where each point represents the bacterial community in a soil/rhizosphere fraction for one plant. (B) Abundance of bacterial phyla in the bulk soil and rhizosphere (Proteobacteria is further classified into classes). (C) Bacterial Orders that are significantly different in abundance between the sample groups (different lower case letters indicate ANOVA <i>P</i><0.05). Only Orders with >10% relative abundance in any sample type are shown. Means are shown ± SE (n = 4–5).</p

16S pyrosequencing revealed the bacterial communities colonizing the seminal root tip at day 30, and the root tip and base of nodal roots at day 44.

<p>(A) NMDS ordination plot (based on Bray-Curtis similarity) where each point represents the bacterial community in one root sample. (B) Abundance of bacterial phyla in each root type (Proteobacteria further classified into classes). (C) Bacterial families significantly different in abundance between root types (different lower case letters indicate ANOVA <i>P</i><0.05). Only Orders with >10% relative abundance in any root type are shown. Data are means ± SE (n = 8–9).</p

Bacterial functional gene content in the Brachypodium seminal and nodal roots inferred by PICRUSt.

<p>Differences in the abundance of categorized gene functions (tier 2 KO) between the nodal roots (D44_Nodal_Tip and D44_Nodal_Base) are plotted against seminal roots (D30_Seminal_Tip) (= 0 on the x-axis). Only categories that were significantly different in abundance are shown (ANOVA, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR corrected <i>P</i> < 0.05). Data are means ± SE (n = 8–9).</p

Fungal community in the bulk soil (BS) and in the loosely-bound (LB) and tightly-bound (TB) fractions of the Brachypodium Bd21-3 rhizosphere, revealed with ITS Illumina sequencing.

<p>(A) NMDS ordination plot (based on Bray-Curtis similarity, data were 4^th root transformed) where each point represents the fungal community in a soil/rhizosphere fraction for one plant. (B) Abundance of fungal phyla in the bulk soil and rhizosphere. (C) Fungal OTUs that are significantly different in abundance between the sample groups (different lower case letters indicate ANOVA <i>P</i><0.05). Only OTUs with >5% relative abundance in any sample type are shown. Means are shown ± SE (n = 5).</p

Bacterial community in the bulk soil (BS) and in the loosely-bound (LB) and tightly-bound (TB) fractions of the Brachypodium Bd21-3 rhizosphere, revealed with 16S pyrosequencing.

<p>(A) NMDS ordination plot (based on Bray-Curtis similarity), where each point represents the bacterial community in a soil/rhizosphere fraction for one plant. (B) Abundance of bacterial phyla in the bulk soil and rhizosphere (Proteobacteria is further classified into classes). (C) Bacterial Orders that are significantly different in abundance between the sample groups (different lower case letters indicate ANOVA <i>P</i><0.05). Only Orders with >10% relative abundance in any sample type are shown. Means are shown ± SE (n = 4–5).</p

PICRUSt predicted bacterial functional gene content that was increased in the Brachypodium rhizosphere.

<p>Differences in the abundance of categorized gene functions (tier 3 KO) in the loosely-bound and tightly-bound rhizospheres are plotted against the bulk soil (= 0 on the x-axis). Only categories that were significantly more abundant in the rhizospheres (both loosely-bound and tightly-bound) compared to bulk soil are shown (ANOVA, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR corrected <i>P</i> < 0.05). Data are means ± SE (n = 4–5).</p

Root exudates composition of Brachypodium.

<p>Amount of (A) amino acids, (B) sugars, and (C) organic anions released from Brachypodium roots in 3h root exudate collection period. Data are means ± SE (n = 4 (A and B) or 9 (C)).</p

Additional file 1: of Evaluation of the online Beverage Frequency Questionnaire (BFQ)

Figure S1. Is available from the “Online Supporting Material” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at jn.nutrition.org . (DOCX 113 kb

Reconfigured schematic of the open vaccination cohorts defining the time origin from the date of vaccination.

The solid lines with arrows indicate subjects in vaccination who subsequently had a positive SARS-Cov-2 test at various points in calendar time. The dotted lines subjects in the vaccination cohort without an observed SARS-Cov-2 test (right-censored). Lines with the same color have the same duration since vaccination to an observed SARS-Cov-2 test. These subjects are pooled to display an analysis with a single common hazard function across the cohorts with time since vaccination as the x-axis. (TIF)</p

COVID-19 hazard rates and 95% confidence intervals—22 U.S. jurisdictions, May 1–28, 2022.

Vaccination cohorts 1–4 reached ≥14 days after vaccination with a Pfizer-BioNTech primary series during: January 16–February 5, February 6–26, February 27–April 2, April 3–30, 2022, respectively.</p