<i>B. oleracea</i> root displaying a root lesion after inoculation with <i>Pyrenochaeta</i> sp.

<p><i>B. oleracea</i> root displaying a root lesion after inoculation with <i>Pyrenochaeta</i> sp.</p

ANOSIM of fungal and bacterial communities.

<p>P-values showing significance of the effects of factors (rotation and crop) on the microbial communities of the rhizosphere and bulk soil for fungi and bacteria. R values close to zero indicate most similarity. Values in bold highlight significant differences (p = <0.05).</p

Seed yield components of <i>Brassica oleracea</i> plants grown in a soilless substrate for four months after inoculation with zoospores (zs) of <i>Olpidium brassicae.</i> (a) pods (b) primary branches (c) seeds.

<p>Control = 0 zs seedling⁻¹; Low = 2.5×10² zs seedling⁻¹; Medium = 5×10⁴ zs seedling⁻¹; High = 1×10⁷ zs seedling⁻¹. Error bars are ± standard errors of the mean for the ten replicates.</p

Absolute quantification using specific quantitative PCR primers to (a) <i>Olpidium brassicae</i> and (b) <i>Pyrenochaeta</i> sp. in different rotations of OSR and wheat (see <b>Table 1</b> for rotation explanation).

<p>Error bars are ± standard errors of the mean for the four replicate plots.</p

Cropping history of rotations sampled.

<p>Rhizosphere and bulk soil samples were collected in the 4^th year of the trial (O = OSR, W = wheat).</p

Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling plots represent rhizosphere (solid) and bulk soil (open) DNA profiles generated using primers for: (a) fungi or (b) bacteria, obtained from different rotations of rape (black) and wheat (grey).

<p>Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling plots represent rhizosphere (solid) and bulk soil (open) DNA profiles generated using primers for: (a) fungi or (b) bacteria, obtained from different rotations of rape (black) and wheat (grey).</p

Seed yield components of <i>Brassica oleracea</i> plants grown in a soilless substrate for four months containing <i>Pyrenochaeta</i> sp. mycelium. (a) days to first flower (b) no. normal seeds/pod (c) weight of normal seeds/pod (d) weight per normal seed.

<p>Light grey = live substrate; Low = 4.9 (±0.97) cfu g⁻¹ substrate, Medium = 4.9×10² (±0.97×10²) cfu g⁻¹ substrate, High = 4.9×10⁴ (±0.97×10⁴) cfu g⁻¹ substrate. Dark grey = autoclaved substrate control. Error bars are ± standard errors of the mean for the ten replicate plants.</p

Dry weights of roots and top growth of oilseed rape and <i>Brassica oleracea</i> plants grown in a soilless substrate for seven weeks inoculated with zoospores (zs) of <i>Olpidium brassicae.</i> (a) roots (b) top growth.

<p>Control = 0 zs seedling⁻¹; Low = 2.5×10² zs seedling⁻¹; Medium = 5×10⁴ zs seedling⁻¹; High = 1×10⁷ zs seedling⁻¹. Percentages in the ‘High’ columns indicate yield reduction compared with the control. Error bars are ± standard errors of the mean for the four replicates.</p

Individual SNP association results for T2D risk in the Sri Lankan case control samples.

<p>Chr: chromosome.</p

Comparison of risk allele frequencies (RAF) between South Asians from Sri Lanka samples included in this study (cases and controls combined) and previously reported RAF for Europeans (from HapMap).

<p>Comparison of risk allele frequencies (RAF) between South Asians from Sri Lanka samples included in this study (cases and controls combined) and previously reported RAF for Europeans (from HapMap).</p