Landscapes of violence: women surviving family violence in regional and rural Victoria

In this research, family violence survivors have identified issues and barriers they have encountered, and have provided suggestions in regards to how both the criminal justice system and the broader Victorian community might assist survivors and help prevent family violence. Overview This project combines the findings of two studies undertaken by the Centre for Rural and Regional Law and Justice. Drawing on and extending the findings in Women\u27s experience of surviving family violence and accessing the Magistrate\u27s court in Geelong, Victoria (2013), this report extends the research in terms of geographic areas, issues covered and range of participants. It examines the experiences of, and outcomes for, women survivors of family violence in regional and rural Victoria, considering their contact with, and perceptions of, government agencies (including Victoria Police, the Victorian Magistrate\u27s courts and the Department of Human Services) as well as private and community advocates (legal services, women\u27s services and family violence services) and healthcare professionals. Through this research, survivors have identified issues and barriers they have encountered in escaping family violence, and have provided suggestions in regards to how both the criminal justice system and the broader Victorian community might assist survivors and help prevent family violence. As well as being informed by survivors, this publication includes insights provided by government and non-government practitioners and organisations who have offered their views on this report\u27s key findings and recommendations. In addition to the generous contributions of these participants, this report utilises relevant data and emerging research in an effort to identify best practice responses to family violence; improve access to justice, support and safety; and protect and promote women\u27s rights and entitlements

Representing Australian Aboriginal Music and Dance 1930-1970

Shortlisted for the 2021 Prime Minister’s Literary Award for Australian History. Representing Australian Aboriginal Music and Dance 1930-1970 offers a rethinking of recent Australian music history. Amanda Harris presents accounts of Aboriginal music and dance by Aboriginal performers on public stages. Harris also historicizes the practices of non-Indigenous art music composers evoking Aboriginal music in their works, placing this in the context of emerging cultural institutions and policy frameworks. Centralizing auditory worlds and audio-visual evidence, Harris shows the direct relationship between the limits on Aboriginal people’s mobility and non-Indigenous representations of Aboriginal culture. This book seeks to listen to Aboriginal accounts of disruption and continuation of Aboriginal cultural practices and features contributions from Aboriginal scholars Shannon Foster, Tiriki Onus and Nardi Simpson as personal interpretations of their family and community histories. Contextualizing recent music and dance practices in broader histories of policy, settler colonial structures, and postcolonizing efforts, the book offers a new lens on the development of Australian musical cultures

Surpassing Sentencing: The Controversial Next Step in Confrontation Clause Jurisprudence

After Crawford v. Washington opened the door to a Confrontation Clause debate in 2004, the United States Supreme Court has consistently confronted confrontation issues arising out of the Crawford interpretation. One issue that the Supreme Court has not yet tackled is whether the Confrontation Clause applies during non-capital and capital sentencing. While many states and federal courts continue to hold that no right of confrontation during sentencing exists, many other courts have chosen to apply a right of confrontation in both capital and non-capital sentencing. This Note takes two new approaches to the Confrontation Clause at sentencing debate. First, this Note addresses both the text of the Sixth Amendment and the history surrounding the Confrontation Clause to conclude that the right of confrontation should apply during sentencing, or at least during capital sentencing. Second, this Note rejects the rationale that Williams v. New York is the controlling precedent in the confrontation at sentencing debate. Under this approach, applying the Confrontation Clause at sentencing may be the next logical step in Confrontation Clause jurisprudence

Representing Australian Aboriginal Music and Dance 1930-1970

Shortlisted for the 2021 Prime Minister’s Literary Award for Australian History. Representing Australian Aboriginal Music and Dance 1930-1970 offers a rethinking of recent Australian music history. Amanda Harris presents accounts of Aboriginal music and dance by Aboriginal performers on public stages. Harris also historicizes the practices of non-Indigenous art music composers evoking Aboriginal music in their works, placing this in the context of emerging cultural institutions and policy frameworks. Centralizing auditory worlds and audio-visual evidence, Harris shows the direct relationship between the limits on Aboriginal people’s mobility and non-Indigenous representations of Aboriginal culture. This book seeks to listen to Aboriginal accounts of disruption and continuation of Aboriginal cultural practices and features contributions from Aboriginal scholars Shannon Foster, Tiriki Onus and Nardi Simpson as personal interpretations of their family and community histories. Contextualizing recent music and dance practices in broader histories of policy, settler colonial structures, and postcolonizing efforts, the book offers a new lens on the development of Australian musical cultures

Defining physiological differences between gilts divergently selected for residual feed intake

Residual feed intake (RFI) is a unique measure of feed efficiency (FE) and an alternative to traditional measures of gain:feed or feed conversion ratio. Residual feed intake is defined as the difference between the actual feed intake of a pig and its expected feed intake based on a given amount of growth and backfat. Therefore, selecting pigs for a low RFI (LRFI), results in a more feed efficient animal for a given rate of growth. Using lines of Yorkshire pigs divergently selected for RFI provides a unique research model to study the genetic and physiological factors defining FE differences in pigs and other livestock. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to partially explain the physiological differences defining FE gains seen in pigs divergently selected for RFI. More specifically, our objectives were to determine the extent to which apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy, and their utilization and retention explain FE differences (Chapter 2). Additionally, we aimed to determine the extent to which whole body composition and tissue accretion rates explain differences in efficiency between pigs divergently selected for low or high RFI (Chapter 3). In both research Chapters, LRFI and high RFI (HRFI) gilts were selected from the 7th generation of the Iowa State University RFI selection project. All gilts were matched by age and live weight for both the Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 objectives (62±3 kg BW and 60±7 kg, respectively). The gilts used in the digestibility study were randomly assigned to metabolism crates, while the gilts in the body composition study were group-housed in pens equipped with FIRE feeders. All gilts had free access to water and a standard diet based on corn and soybean meal, with the feed in the digestibility study containing an exogenous digestibility marker. In the Chapter 2 digestibility study, total urine and feces were collected for 72 h and nutrient and energy digestibility and P and N balance were then measured and calculated to determine differences between the RFI lines. In Chapter 3, whole body compositions of both an initial (ISG) and a final (FSG) slaughter group was analyzed. Backfat ultrasound scans and initial body weights from the ISG and FSG, together with the ISG fat, protein, and ash whole body compositions were used in a regression analysis to estimate the initial body composition of the FSG gilts. Results from Chapter 2 showed that the digestibility coefficients for DM (87.3 vs. 85.9%), N (88.3 vs. 86.1%), and GE (86.9 vs. 85.4%) were higher (P ≤ 0.003) in the LRFI versus HRFI gilts, respectively. The DE (16.59 vs. 16.32 MJ/kg DM) and ME (15.98 vs. 15.72 MJ/kg DM) values were also significantly greater (P = 0.0006) in the LRFI gilts. When adjusting for ADFI, P digestibility did not differ between the lines. However, the LRFI gilts tended to have improved N retention compared to HRFI gilts (P = 0.08; 36.9 vs. 32.1 g/d). Chapter 3 body composition indicated that the LRFI gilts in the FSG tended to have decreased total visceral weight (6.22 vs. 6.49 kg, P = 0.09) compared to the HRFI gilts. Both ISG and FSG LRFI gilts had decreased whole body fat percentage (P ≤ 0.02) and GE of the body (cal/g, P ≤ 0.0006) compared to the HRFI gilts. The FSG LRFI gilts also had an increase in whole body protein (%, P = 0.07) compared to their HRFI counterparts. LRFI gilts tended to have an increase in protein (P = 0.09) and water (P = 0.06) accretion, g/d, with a significant increase in ash accretion (g/d, P = 0.04) compared to their HRFI counterparts. Interestingly, we reported no differences in fat accretion between lines. In conclusion, the higher energy and nutrient digestibility, utilization, and retention may partially explain the superior FE, while the data indicating differences in body composition and tissue accretion rates may partially explain the genetic variation seen in pigs selected for LRFI

Promoting research utilisation and evidence-based decision making amongst healthcare managers. Utilising nonrecursive structural equation modelling to develop the Theory of Planned Behaviour

The purpose of this study was to identify those factors that impede or encourage the use of research-based decision making by healthcare managers. The research drew on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), self-efficacy theory, expectancy theory and theories of research-based decision making. The interrelationships between individual, role and organisational variables were investigated, utilising nonrecursive structural equation modelling (SEM) to consider the reciprocal relationships between the variables, including the impact of past behaviour on future behaviour and its mechanisms of action. Nonrecursive structural equation modelling will be discussed in greater detail in a later chapter. However, it is worth saying a little about such models at this stage as the term has a precise meaning within structural equation modelling. Nonrecursive models are those which (perhaps counter intuitively) contain feedback loops between variables. Evaluating nonrecursive models is difficult, since it requires an understanding of necessary and sufficient conditions in order to claim that the model is identified (i.e. stable parameter estimates can be obtained). A further aim was to explore the feasibility of employing a cross-sectional methodology to test hypotheses regarding causation, utilising SEM to estimate causal versus non-causal aspects of observed correlations. This approach enabled the testing of causal hypotheses in an area where the conditions for longitudinal research could not have been met. Causal modelling examined the extent to which the data failed to agree with the nonrecursive model that represented the hypotheses to be tested

Comparing Wearer DNA Sample Collection Methods for the Recovery of Single Source Profiles

Wearer DNA is the deposit of epithelial cells on clothing worn by an individual. Detection of the last individual to handle or wear an item is often an important and desirable determination in forensic science. The most commonly used collection methods for wearer DNA include swabbing and scraping. These often result in mixture profiles. Recently, adhesives have been introduced as a possible reliable method for the collection of biological evidence. The goal of the research was to compare the current collection methods of swabbing and scraping with a gel film called Gel-Pak ‘0’ which shares similar properties with adhesives. Gel-Pak ‘0’ has been previously studied in comparison to other adhesives for the collection of epithelial cells, and was shown to recover the top layer of loose particulate. This particulate had a tendency to be deposited by the individual who last came in contact with an item. Therefore, in comparison to the other two collection methods, Gel-Pak ‘0’ was hypothesized to recover single source profiles on clothing items from the most recent wearer. DNA analysis was performed on samples collected by the three methods from various clothing items including baseball hats, t-shirts, sweatpants, socks, and other items commonly submitted to crime labs for DNA analysis. The habitual wearer and the second/last wearer wore each item for a predetermined amount of time. The results of the research showed that Gel-Pak ‘0’ recovered a similar number of CODIS (local and national) eligible profiles as swabbing. However, coupled with the fact that it is time consuming, costly, and cannot be used on all surfaces, Gel-Pak ‘0’ was determined to not make for an effective collection method of the most recent wearer’s DNA. Therefore, Gel-Pak ‘0’ will not be considered for casework. Although Gel-Pak ‘0’ will not be further used, the results did reveal some trends that may shed light on how DNA analysts may approach wearer DNA cases. Swabbing had a tendency to yield smaller amounts of DNA in comparison to scraping, but obtain DNA from the last wearer of the piece of clothing more effectively than the other two methods. Scraping had a tendency to yield greater quantities of DNA, recovering more DNA from the habitual wearer due to its invasive nature. Revealing individuals who last wore an item can be of great importance in forensic science, and therefore, further research with various adhesives and gel films could be vital for solving forensic investigations

PARADISEC: its history and future

Founded in 2003 by a team of linguists and musicologists at the University of Sydney, Australian National University and the University of Melbourne, the Pacific and Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures is now celebrating its ten-year anniversary. In the first decade of operation, PARADISEC created an archive of more than 3000 hours of audio recordings of language and music recordings from the Pacific, Asia and beyond. The digital collection now contains over 6 TB of data with a queue of audio, video and image files still to be ingested into the archive, and PARADISEC was recently included in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. In this presentation, we will trace the development of PARADISEC from its origins as a storage facility for precious research data. We will discuss the ways that uses of the archive have grown and changed over the years, and reflect on prospects for PARADISEC's future in a fragile funding environment

Chapter 9 Informing Practice Through Collaboration: Listening to Colonising Histories and Aboriginal Music

This chapter describes an interdisciplinary and intercultural method for writing about historical performances of music and dance by Aboriginal people, and to inform collaborative performances with Aboriginal musicians. It discusses an approach of listening to history through current Indigenous knowledges, and interrogates how seeking to understand the continuities and disruptions of culture through the experiences of living Aboriginal people allows for new interpretations of archival sources. In combining Indigenous knowledges with historical methods, the chapter responds to Aileen Moreton Robinson's (2000) critique of scholarly approaches that contrast the ‘traditional’ and ‘contemporary’ Aboriginal subject, while erasing ongoing colonising influences. The chapter presents a song as methodology and practice, to sing up story and knowledges from history in the present

The role of learning goals in the design of ILEs: some issues to consider

Part of the motivation behind the evolution of learning environments is the idea of providing students with individualized instructional strategies that allow them to learn as much as possible. It has been suggested that the goals an individual holds create a framework or orientation from which they react and respond to events. There is a large evidence-based literature which supports the notion of mastery and performance approaches to learning and which identifies distinct behavioural patterns associated with each. However, it remains unclear how these orientations manifest themselves within the individual: an important question to address when applying goal theory to the development of a goal-sensitive learner model. This paper exposes some of these issues by describing two empirical studies. They approach the subject from different perspectives, one from the implementation of an affective computing system and the other a classroom-based study, have both encountered the same empirical and theoretical problems: the dispositional/situational aspect and the dimensionality of goal orientation