The Role of Irradiation in Hypophyseal Adenoma

Pituitary adenomas are histopathologically benign, however the clinical presentations are often quite severe. These clinical signs are due to the tumor mass effect, hormonal disturbances or both. Besides that, these tumors often recurred after treatment. The treatment of pituitary tumors have developed greatly with the improvement of techniques of several modalities such as surgery, radiation and medication. Multimodality treatment is often used for optimal results in treating these tumors. Radiotherapy is a cytotoxic agent using ion radiation for the treatment of pituitary tumors in combination with other methods. Post-surgical radiotherapy has shown to decrease the recurrence rate significantly (22-71% vs 8-23%). At present there has been rapid improvements in radiation techniques for pituitary tumors. These developments are not only based upon the increase of know-how in computer technology and radiation instruments, but are also based upon the development of cellular and molecular biology in connection with normal and tumor tissues. The objective in developing radiation methods and techniques is to create a high radiation dose, homogeneous in the target area with low radiation dose in normal tissue. The development in science and technology, in particular concerning computer science, have created the development of radiation techniques and methods. This paper elaborates on several aspects of radiation in the treatment of pituitary

The Physician Tendency in Stereotactic Radiosurgery Dose Prescription in Benign Intracranial Tumor at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is one of the treatment modalities for benign intra-cranial tumor, especiallyfor the tumor located next to the critical neural structure. The prescribed dose for radiosurgery depends onthe maximal tumor diameter and surrounding normal tissue tolerance dose. This cross sectional study wasconducted to evaluate the physician’s tendency in radiosurgery dose prescription. We observed treatmentplanning data of 32 patients with benign intra-cranial tumor, which had been treated with SRS at Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo National Hospital in 2009-2010. The peripheral dose, organ at risk (OAR) dose limitiationand maximum tumor diameter were recorded. We compared our SRS dose with dose limitation, whichallowed safer dosing based on maximal tumor diameter perspective and the nearest OAR dose constraint.From maximal tumor diameter perspective, we prescribed mean±SD radiosurgery doses, which were11.63±2.21Gy, 10.21±1.29Gy and 9.88±1.07Gy for the tumor size ≤2cm, 2.01-3cm and 3,01-4cm respectively.Our radiosurgery dose was the lowest than dose limitation based on the nearest OAR perspective, followedby maximal tumor diameter perspective. It was concluded that radiosurgery dose had the tendency to beinfluenced by surrounding healthy tissue tolerance rather than maximal tumor diameter

Penentuan Tingkat Kedaruratan Bedah Adenoma Hipofisis melalui Stratifikasi Prabedah di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo

Adenoma hipofisis menyebabkan defisit neurologis yang memerlukan tata laksana tepat. Belum ada standar baku penetapan tingkat kedaruratan bedah untuk adenoma hipofisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui distribusi tingkat kedaruratan bedah pengangkatan tumor melalui operasi trans-sfenoid pada pasien adenoma hipofisis. Penelitian retrospektif berbasis rekam medik dilakukan pada 50 pasien adenoma hipofisis yang menjalani operasi pengangkatan tumor dengan teknik trans-sfenoid di Departemen Bedah Saraf FKUI-RSUPNCM pada tahun 2018-2019. Proporsi pasien yang menjalani operasi elektif dan dipercepat dibandingkan dengan stratifikasi risiko prabedah menurut tingkat kedaruratan bedah A/B/C/D. Proporsi pasien yang menjalani operasi elektif dan dipercepat adalah 86% dan 14%, sedangkan proporsi tingkat kedaruratan bedah adalah 54% (A), 36% (B), 8% (C), dan 2% (D). Median hari waktu tunggu menuju operasi [min-max] adalah 77,6 (4-549) hari (A); 45,4 (7-258) hari (B); 71 (8-140) hari (C); dan 99 hari (D); tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Terdapat ketidaksesuaian proporsi antara pasien kategori dipercepat/elektif dan tingkat kedaruratan bedah A/B/C/D serta tidak ada perbedaan waktu tunggu menuju operasi pada keempat kelompok risiko operasi A/B/C/D. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menetapkan manfaat stratifikasi risiko prabedah tumor hipofisis terhadap luaran pasien pasca operasi pengangkatan tumor melalui operasi trans-sfenoid.   Determination of Surgical Emergency Levels of Pituitary Adenoma Patients Through Pre-Surgical Stratification at the dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital   Pituitary adenomas may cause neurological deficits that require prompt management. There is no standard for determining the level of surgical emergencies for pituitary adenomas. The author aims to know the distribution of pituitary adenomas surgically removed through trans-sphenoid surgery. This medical record-based retrospective study was conducted on 50 pituitary adenoma patients who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery at the Department of Neurosurgery, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital in 2018-2019. The proportion of patients undergoing elective and urgent surgery is compared with pre-surgical risk stratification according to the level of A/B/C/D surgical emergencies. The proportions of patients who underwent elective and urgent surgery were 86% and 14% respectively, while the proportion of surgical emergencies for each group was 54% (A), 36% (B), 8% (C), and 2% (D). The median waiting time to surgery [min-max] for each group is 77.6 (4-549) days (A); 45.4 (7-258) days (B); 71 (8-140) days (C); and 99 days (D); no significant difference were found. There was a large discrepancy in the proportion between patients included in the urgent/elective category and the level of emergency A/B/C/D surgery. Furthermore, there is no difference in waiting time for surgery between the four risk groups for A/B/C/D. Further research is needed to establish the benefits of preoperative risk stratification of pituitary adenoma in terms of patient outcomes after trans-sphenoid surgery. &nbsp

Status Koagulasi Pasien Cedera Kepala Sedang Berdasarkan Tromboelastografi dan Hemostasis Konvensional

 Pasien cedera kepala paling banyak di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM), Jakarta adalah cedera kepala sedang (CKS) dan kelainan koagulasi dapat memperburuk luaran pasien cedera kepala. Untuk mengetahui status koagulasi dan luaran pada pasien CKS di RSCM dilakukan studi kohort prospektif pada bulan Oktober 2019 – Januari 2020 dengan subjek 20 pasien CKS. Dilakukan pemeriksaan hemostasis konvensional (trombosit, PT, APTT) dan viskoelastisitas darah menggunakan tromboelastografi (TEG). Dari pemeriksaan konvensional didapatkan gangguan koagulasi pada 5% pasien sedangkan dari pemeriksaan TEG diperoleh 60% subjek dengan gangguan koagulasi (55% hiperkoagulasi dan 5% hipokoagulasi). Median lama rawat inap adalah 7 (3-27) hari dan tidak didapatkan mortalitas. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara pemeriksaan hemostasis konvensional dengan TEG (uji Fisher, p>0,999) serta antara status TEG dengan lama rawat inap (Uji Mann-Whitney, p=0,243). Dari parameter TEG (R time, K time, alpha angle, dan MA) tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna dengan lama rawat (uji Mann Whitney dan korelasi Spearman). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara parameter TEG, yaitu R time (p<0,001) dan alpha angle (p=0,028) dengan hasil CT scan. Disimpulkan, hiperkoagulasi merupakan kelainan koagulasi yang paling sering pada pasien CKS.   Coagulation Status of Patients with Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury Based on Thromboelastography and Conventional Haemostasis Test   It is known that the majority of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (RSCM) are comprised of moderate TBI. This prospective cohort study was done in RSCM to evaluate the coagulation status profile of 20 patients with moderate TBI using conventional hemostatic test (platelet count, PT, APTT) and blood viscoelasticity using thromboelastography (TEG) from October 2019 – January 2020. From conventional test, coagulopathy were detected in 5% patients, while from the TEG, coagulopathy were detected in 60% patients (55% hypercoagulopathy and 5% hypocoagulopathy). The outcome of the patients were evaluate using length of stay (LOS) which is 7 days (3-27 days) and mortality (no mortality found in this study). From statistical analysis, the conventional test result and TEG test are not significantly correlated (p>0.999). Thromboelastography test result are not significantly correlated with LOS (p=0.243). From each parameter of TEG (R time, K time, alpha angle, and MA) are not correlated with LOS (Mann Whitney test and Spearman’s correlation test). We found that 2 parameters of TEG, R time (p<0,001) and alpha angle (p=0,028) are significantly correlated with CT scan. In conclusion, hypercoagulopathy is the most coagulation abnormality that occurred in moderate TBI.  &nbsp