Competence Need Fulfillment Increases Engagement: Does Individual Need Strength Moderate the Effect?

The empirical literature on Self Determination Theory is unclear about whether individual need strength moderates and enhances the effect of basic need fulfillment on positive outcome variables. This study tested whether competence need strength moderates the effect of competence need fulfillment on engagement. A sample of 181 students was randomly assigned into three experimental conditions and their felt competence was manipulated. Results showed that the high need fulfillment group had significantly higher engagement levels than the low need fulfillment group. However, there was no evidence for a moderation effect of need strength on the relation between need fulfillment and engagement

A data-driven prognostic model using time series prediction techniques in maintenance decision making

In recent years, current maintenance strategies have extensively evolved in condition-based maintenance solution in order to achieve a near-zero downtime of equipment function. One of these support elements is the use of prognostic. Prognostic has progressed as a specific function over for the last few years. It provides failure prediction and remaining useful lifetime (RUL) estimation of a targeted equipment or component. This estimation is beneficial for production or maintenance people as it allows them to focus on proactive rather than reactive action. While some prognostic models are created based on the historical failure data, others remain as simulation models serving as a pre-exposure effect analysis. Although the concept of a data-driven prognostics model using condition monitoring information has been widely proposed, the validation in predicting the target value continues to be a challenge. In addition, the prognostics have not been applied directly within the maintenance decision making. Hence, the aim of this study is to design a data driven prognostics model that predicts the series of future equipment condition iteratively and allows the process of maintenance decision making to be carried out. The initial phase of this research deals with a conceptual design of data-driven prognostics model. This conceptual design leads to the formulation of a generic data acquisition and time series prediction techniques, which are the key elements to predictive prognostic solution. In this case, there are four techniques have been used and formulated to have better prognostic results namely: Double Exponential Smoothing (DES), Neural Network (NN), Hybrid DES-NN and Enhanced Double Exponential Smoothing (EDES). The intermediate phase of this research involves the development of a computational tool based on the proposed conceptual model. This tool is used for model implementation that uses the experimental data to test the ability of the prognostics model for failure prediction and RUL estimation. It also demonstrates the integration of prognostics model in maintenance decision making. The final phase of this research demonstrates the implementation of the model using industry data. In this phase, the industrial implementation takes into account the performance accuracy to verify the operational framework. The results from the model implementations have shown that the proposed prognostic model can generate the degradation index from the data acquisition, and the formulated EDES can predict RUL estimation consistently. By integrating it with the maintenance cost model, the proposed prognostic model also can perform time–to-maintenance decision. However, the accuracy of the prognostic and maintenance results can be increased with a huge and quality data. In conclusion, this research contributes to the development of data-driven prognostics model based on condition monitoring information using time series prediction techniques to support maintenance decision

A comparison of different sampling intervals and computational methods for estimating lactation yields

A sample of 471 lactation records from four dairy herds of The University of Tennessee were utilized in this study. The experiment was designed to investigate the possibilities of lengthening the DHIA testing interval. The study was limited to 305-day milk yields. Three sampling intervals: (1) 30 days, (2) 60 days and (3) 90 days and three computing methods: (1) unadjusted, (2) first-test-adjusted and (3) first-and-last- test-adjusted were used to estimate the lactation milk yields. Each lactation record provided 30 monthly, 60 bi-monthly and 90 tri-monthly unadjusted estimates. In all, 254,340 lactation estimates (adjusted and unadjusted) were computed. The deviation of estimate from the actual yield was measured as percent of actual yield. Statistical analysis indicated that herd, age, interval and computational methods produced variation in the percent deviations of estimates. Interactions of these factors also caused variation in percent deviations in most cases. In all the intervals investigated, the average error and the average percent absolute deviation was greater for higher production levels. The average errors of monthly unadjusted, first-test-adjusted and first- and-last-test-adjusted estimates were 0.63, -0.02 and -0.13 percent of actual yields, respectively. The corresponding values for bi-monthly estimates were 0.84, 0.21 and -0.24 percent, respectively. This indicated that in monthly and bi-monthly intervals, the last test correction in addition to the first test correction was not of any additional value. The conclusion was also supported by similar trends in the average percent absolute deviations, frequency of estimates within a given percent of actual yield and standard deviations of percent deviations. The average errors of tri-monthly (1) unadjusted, (2) first-test-adjusted and (3) first-and-last-test-adjusted estimates were 0.84, 0.87 and -0.14 percent of actual yields, respectively. The corresponding values for absolute deviation were 1.57, 1.75 and 0.85 percent of actual yields. The first test correction by itself was of no value in improving the tri-monthly estimates, but correction of first and last test was essential. The average errors of bi-monthly first-test-adjusted and trimonthly first- and-last-test-adjusted estimates were closer to zero than that of monthly adjusted estimates. A study of estimates in three parts of the lactation indicated that as the sampling interval was elongated, the error from the last one-third part of the lactation became more important. The effect of correction of tests was not the same in all herd-age (production) levels. A study of average deviations of estimates by day of first test indicated that delaying testing up to about the tenth day of lactation would decrease the average error as well as variation of percent deviation of tri-monthly estimates. Hence, if more appropriate factors were periodically evolved on a region-breed-age basis for correcting the estimates, and if the first tests were delayed to about the tenth day of lactation, the tri-monthly first- and-last-test-adjusted estimates could be an alternative to the monthly unadjusted estimates. The savings on tests and computation thus achieved could be passed on to the farmer which might result in increased participation of the farmers in DHIA testing

A comparison of bovine semen frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor and dry ice-alcohol

The world wide consumption of dairy and beef products is increas ing day by day. It is neither possible nor feasible to increase the cattle population to meet the increasing demand, particularly when the human population is growing fast. So the only way left is to improve the overall production level by increasing the production potential and efficiency of individual herds of cattle (29). Artificial insemination using the semen of high quality proven sires makes possible the maximum genetic progress in improving the level of production of cattle. Even though the advantages of artificial insemination over natural service are many, this is the most important, particularly when the matter is considered with a large population in view. Although commercial artificial insemination did not start in the United States until 1938, it has made rapid progress and its use is still increasing (56). This necessitates dilution and storing the semen of popular bulls to the maximum possible extent. Preserving semen for long periods would not only benefit existing artificial insemination services, but also will be useful for progeny testing and in making the semen of superior sires available for a longer time. Attempts to preserve semen by freezing were made at least as early as the work of Spallanzani in 1803 (39). Discovery of use of egg yolk in buffer solution, in 1940 by Phill ips and Lardy (39), was a major improvement in semen processing. The egg yolk contributes a variety of factors to the semen diluents. The major contribution is the protection of spermatozoa from the effects of cold shock (48). This has been shown to be due to the lipid portion, mainly phospholipids, lecethin and cephalin (22). The rate of cooling during freezing is critical to the survival of bull spermatozoa. This problem can be partially overcome by the use of protective substances in the diluents and by routine use of cooling rates, optimum for spermatozoa survival (48). With these facts in view, the conventional method of freezing the semen is to cool the semen from 5 to -10 C at a very slow rate never exceeding 2 per minute and at considerably faster rates as the semen reaches lower temperatures. This is really laborious, time consuming, or with mechanization, expensive to handle large quantities of semen. Currently arguments are fast forthcoming, stating that the rapid freezing of semen from 5 C downwards by directly exposing semen to liquid nitrogen vapor, is not more deleterious than the slow freezing. With this fact in view, this experiment was designed to compare the effects of liquid nitrogen vapor freezing with dry ice-alcohol freezing of bovine semen

PELANGGARAN HAM TERHADAP KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA: STUDI KASUS KONFLIK ANTAR AGAMA DI INDIA DAN INDONESIA

Freedom of religion is something that is protected because it involves human rights. Human rights are contained in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. However, some regulations regulate the fact that violations of freedom of religion have not only occurred once or twice but have occurred many times. India is one of several countries that experience conflicts regarding freedom of religion, especially between religions, namely Islam and Hinduism. This conflict culminated with the emergence of the ratification of the Amendment to the Indian Citizenship Act (CAB) in 2019 and caused a polemic of riots between Muslims and Hindus. The method of analysis used is a qualitative data analysis method. The research method carried out on the problem this time is the statute approach (statutory approach), case approach (case approach), and explorative research (things that have not been known before), which are all related to this research. Based on the findings of the research conducted and the data obtained that there is still discrimination against religious minorities both in India and Indonesia, the existence of human rights is very concerning. The implications can be achieved by increasing religious tolerance and increasing the importance of human rights, especially freedom of religion, providing a deterrent effect on human rights violators

Experimental study on air change effectiveness in mixing ventilation

Providing occupant comfort and health with minimized use of energy is the ultimate purpose of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Building ventilation directly affects indoor air quality, and it influences occupant’s heath and productivity. Mixing ventilation is the most common air distribution system, and often the same diffusers provide space cooling and heating. Air distribution with all-air-heating is one of the major challenges for mixing ventilation as temperature stratification and corresponding low ventilation effectiveness may appear. The two objectives of this research were to: (1) provide design criterion for diffuser selection and location considering both thermal comfort and ventilation, emphasis on heating conditions. (2) assess the procedure of evaluating air change effectiveness in the current standard, especially focusing the variance of local air change effectiveness. The study used experimental measurements in a full-scale test room. CO2 tracer gas decay tests were conducted to simultaneously measure age of air at 18 locations in the test room with various types of ceiling diffusers, T0.25/L (air flow rates) and internal loads. Analysis of the experiments regarding first objective showed that the air change effectiveness was significantly decreased when T0.25/L went small under heating conditions. The range of air change effectiveness and the temperature effectiveness were 0.56 to 0.87 and 0.58 to 0.75 respectively within the recommended range of T0.25/L regarding ADPI. Regardless of diffuser type, air change effectiveness and the temperature effectiveness was close to or higher than 1.00 under cooling conditions. The range of T0.25/L that can achieve good mixing under heating condition was significantly shorter than the one under cooling mode. Regarding second objective, the variance analysis showed the vertical, horizontal and overall variance of local air change effectiveness was minimal in mixing ventilation. The variance of air change effectiveness in the occupied space of the room with ceiling diffusers was less than 16% in most of the cases, which is slightly larger than the experiments' uncertainty. Furthermore, the newly developed correlation of thermal effectiveness and air change effectiveness considered to be useful as an alternative method to interpret air change efficiency.Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineerin

Multipath mitigation technique under strong multipath environment using multiple antennas

2016-2017 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journal201804_a bcmaVersion of RecordPublishe

Diffuser selection method considering both thermal comfort and ventilation effectiveness in mixing ventilation

早稲田大学博士(工学)早大学位記番号:新8160doctoral thesi