Study On The High Temperature Performance Of Bio Modified Rubber Asphalt (Bmr)

The objective of this study is to produce an environmentally friendly paving material with enhanced high temperature performance. To do so, feasibility of synthesis an alternative asphalt binder from scrap tire rubber and bio-binder is investigated in this paper. The newly developed bio modified rubber is a hybrid viscoelastic thermoplastic adhesive composed of ambient crumb rubber and bio-binder. Bio-binder is produced from thermochemical conversion of swine manure, and crumb rubber is obtained from grinding of scrap tire. It should be emphasized that the aforementioned ingredients are derived from waste materials. Using crumb rubber as paving material can alleviate problems facing the solid waste management industry related to disposal of scrap tire. On the other side, production of bio-binder reduces the need of lagoons to store swine manure, and decreases noxious odor originating from swine manure stored in lagoons. This study concentrates on the high temperature properties and temperature susceptibility of the bio modified rubber. To develop bio-modified rubber bio-binder were mixed with various percentages of ambient crumb rubber 80 mesh (0.177mm) ranging from 5 up to 50% by the weight of asphalt binder. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was employed to measure the complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) of un-aged and aged bio-modified rubber. Aging was conducted using rolling thin film oven (RTFO). The rotational viscometer (RV) was used to quantify the bio-modified rubber binder’s high temperature properties and pump-ability. It was found that bio-modified rubber binder’s viscosity decreases by increasing the bio-binder percentages at specified temperature. In addition, the increase of bio-binder percentages showed to improve temperature susceptibility and resistance to rutting. As such it was concluded that alternative asphalt with enhanced high temperature properties could be produced using scrap tire and bio-binder rubber

Study On The High Temperature Performance Of Bio Modified Rubber Asphalt (Bmr)

The objective of this study is to produce an environmentally friendly paving material with enhanced high temperature performance. To do so, feasibility of synthesis an alternative asphalt binder from scrap tire rubber and bio-binder is investigated in this paper. The newly developed bio modified rubber is a hybrid viscoelastic thermoplastic adhesive composed of ambient crumb rubber and bio-binder. Bio-binder is produced from thermochemical conversion of swine manure, and crumb rubber is obtained from grinding of scrap tire. It should be emphasized that the aforementioned ingredients are derived from waste materials. Using crumb rubber as paving material can alleviate problems facing the solid waste management industry related to disposal of scrap tire. On the other side, production of bio-binder reduces the need of lagoons to store swine manure, and decreases noxious odor originating from swine manure stored in lagoons. This study concentrates on the high temperature properties and temperature susceptibility of the bio modified rubber. To develop bio-modified rubber bio-binder were mixed with various percentages of ambient crumb rubber 80 mesh (0.177mm) ranging from 5 up to 50% by the weight of asphalt binder. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was employed to measure the complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) of un-aged and aged bio-modified rubber. Aging was conducted using rolling thin film oven (RTFO). The rotational viscometer (RV) was used to quantify the bio-modified rubber binder’s high temperature properties and pump-ability. It was found that bio-modified rubber binder’s viscosity decreases by increasing the bio-binder percentages at specified temperature. In addition, the increase of bio-binder percentages showed to improve temperature susceptibility and resistance to rutting. As such it was concluded that alternative asphalt with enhanced high temperature properties could be produced using scrap tire and bio-binder rubber

Obstetric emergencies in a humanitarian context at the Somine Dolo hospital in Mopti, Mali

Background: Conflicts are a barrier to physical and financial access to health centers. Our objective was to evaluate obstetric emergencies in a humanitarian context at the Sominé DOLO hospital in Mopti.Methods: This was a descriptive and prospective longitudinal study from January to September, 2020 in the obstetrical gynecology department of the Sominé DOLO hospital in Mopti. Our objective was to evaluate obstetric emergencies in the humanitarian context.Results: The frequency of patients evacuated was 30.61%. The average age of the patients was 27 years with extremes of 15 and 49 years. Hemorrhage during pregnancy was the main cause of reference with 23.83%. The ambulance was the most used means of transport with 51%. Delay in evacuation was observed in 31.33 cases. About 73.03% of our patients had given birth by caesarean section. We recorded 64 maternal deaths, a rate of 10.67%. Fetal mortality in our study was 23.28%. Attacks by armed groups had a negative impact on the referral/evacuation system.Conclusions: The health system had experienced severe challenges due to insecurity. Armed conflicts were the cause of evacuation delays. Haemorrhage during pregnancy was the main reference cause. Maternal and perinatal mortality was high

Conclusions of ten years of maternal death surveillance and response in the health district of commune V of Bamako, Mali

Background: The purpose of this study was to report the findings of the local maternal deaths surveillance and response (MDSR) committee in the health district of Municipality V of the district of Bamako. Methods: It was a retrospective study over a period from January 2009 to December 2017. We have compiled all the findings of the local MDSR committee from the health district of Municipality V. The data was generated from the Local Health Information System (LHIS). We made a simple entry of text and tables using Word and Excel software. Results: During the study period, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 219/100,000 live births. The study was about 140 cases of maternal deaths that occurred in health facilities. The middle age of the patients was 28.01 years. Most of the deaths occurred in the postpartum period, with 106 cases. In 92.12%, the deaths were from direct obstetric causes (DOC), including hemorrhage 70%, eclampsia 7.85%, obstructed labor 7.14%. Seven deaths (5%) were from indirect obstetric causes (IOC), including anemia 3.57% and malaria 1.73%. In 2.58%, the deaths were from undetermined causes. Deaths were preventable in 80%. The response included, among other things, the notification of cases and the implementation of the recommendations made. In 70% of cases, the recommendations issued were implemented. Conclusions:  The MMR remains high in Municipality V of the district of Bamako. These deaths were mostly from DOCs, with hemorrhage as the main cause. These deaths were mostly preventable.

Epidemiology of placenta previa: 10 years analysis in Bamako’s district

Background: The obstetrical haemorrhage constitutes the first cause of mother death, among the causes of these haemorrhages: the placenta previa. That is why we initiated this study for determine epidemiology of placenta previa in our service. The aim objective of this study was to determine the evolution and epidemiology of the placenta previa in our department.Methods: It was a cross-sectional and comparative study of 10 consecutive years. We compared two groups: with and without placenta previa. We performed a multivariate analysis using the logistic regression model as well as the Odds Ratio and its 95% confidence interval.Results: We recorded 504 cases of placenta previa among 30323 deliveries (1.7%). Age, parity and previous placenta praevia have been the recovered risk factors (p 0.05). Indeed, there was a significantly higher incidence of stillbirths, Apgar score <7, transfer of new-borns and small birth weights in the placenta previa group (p <0.001).Conclusions: The most significant rick factors associated with placenta previa are high maternal age, high parity and previous placenta previa, caesarean section and abortion

Epidemiologie du prolapsus genital

La genèse du prolapsus génital est multifactorielle et des évènements individuels vont influencer l’apparition du prolapsus chez la femme. L’étude du profil épidémiologique des femmes victimes de prolapsus génital permet d’étudier tous les facteurs pour mieux conseiller et rassurer les femmes dans la prévention et la prise en charge de cette pathologie.Objectifs. Déterminer le profil épidémiologique des patientes victimes de prolapsus au service de gynécologie de l’hôpital du Mali.Matériel et méthode. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive à collecte prospective du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2019. Nous avons inclus tous les cas de prolapsus génital diagnostiqué en dehors de la grossesse et dans les trois premiers mois du post-partum. L’interrogatoire a permis de préciser le moment d’apparition et l’examen physique d’identifier le type du prolapsus.Résultats : Nous avons enregistré 35 cas de prolapsus sur 267 interventions chirurgicales soit 13,10%. Les patientes en âge de procréer étaient de 21 (60%) versus patientes en ménopause 14 (40%). L’âge moyen était de 44,74 ans avec des extrêmes de 17 et 80 ans, La majorité des patientes était des femmes au foyer 29 cas (82,86%). Le milieu de résidence était rural ou urbain dans respectivement 20 cas (57,14%) et 15 cas (42,86%). La parité moyenne était de 5,22 % avec 45,71% de grandes multipares, 25,71% de paucipares et 20% de multipares. Les femmes mariées ont représenté 65% des cas. La durée d’apparition du prolapsus était en moyenne de trois ans. Les principaux antécédents retrouvés étaient la macrosomie 2 cas (5,71%), la déchirure du périnée 2 cas (5,71%) et la césarienne 1 cas (2,86%). Selon la classification de Baden, 23 patientes avaient un prolapsus de grade 3 (65,71%). Les organes participant au prolapsus étaient l’utérus et la vessie simultanément dans 19 cas (54,29%), la vessie seule dans 6 cas (17,14%), la vessie et le rectum 4 cas (11,43%).Conclusion : le prolapsus génital est fréquent chez la multipare avec une prédominance du grade 3 English title: Epidemiology of genital prolapse The genesis of genital prolapse is multifactorial and individual events will influence the onset of prolapse in women. The study of the epidemiological profile of women victims of genital prolapse makes it possible to study all the factors to better advise and reassure women in the prevention and management of this pathology.Goals. To determine the epidemiological profile of patients suffering from prolapse in the gynecology department of the hospital in Mali.Material and method. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective collection from January 1 to December 31, 2019. We included all cases of genital prolapse diagnosed outside pregnancy and in the first three months postpartum. The questioning clarified the time of onset and the physical examination identified the type of prolapse.Results: We recorded 35 cases of prolapse out of 267 surgical procedures, (13.10%). Patients of childbearing age were 21 (60%) versus menopausal 14 (40%). The mean age was 44.74 years with extremes of 17 and 80 years. The majority of patients were housewives in 29 cases (82.86%). The place of residence was rural or urban in respectively 20 cases (57.14%) and 15 cases (42.86%). The average parity was 5.22% with 45.71% large multiparas, 25.71% pauciparas and 20% multiparas. Married women accounted for 65% of cases. The duration of the onset of prolapse was on average three years. The main antecedents found were macrosomia 2 cases (5.71%), perineum tear 2 cases (5.71%) and cesarean section 1 case (2.86%). According to Baden's classification, 23 patients had grade 3 prolapse (65.71%). The organs participating in the prolapse were the uterus and bladder simultaneously in 19 cases (54.29%), the bladder alone in 6 cases (17.14%), and the bladder and rectum in 4 cases (11.43%).Conclusion: genital prolapse is frequent in multipara with a predominance of grade

Sine Ngayène et Wanar, République du Sénégal : Nomination transfrontalière en série de quatre sites de cercles de mégalithes (deux au Sénégal, deux en Gambie) pour inscription sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO

The stone circles of Senegambia are impressive remains that have for long puzzled the visitors who have examined them. Stone circles of many types are found in Europe and Africa, though nowhere there is such a large concentration of megaliths as it is found on the north bank of the River Gambia.What therefore makes the Stone Circles of The Gambia and Senegal unique in respect to other megalithic monuments worldwide is the sheernumber of such monuments. While the individual stones are not as large as those at Stonehenge, in the Senegambia, thousands of stones are skilfully dressed and placed in the form of Circles and other alignments.Les cercles de mégalithiques de Sénégambie sont d’impressionnants vestiges qui depuis longtemps ont étonné les visiteurs qui les ont examinés. Les cercles de pierres sont relativement courants en Europe et en Afrique, mais nulle part nous ne trouvons une concentration de mégalithes comparable à celle de la rive nord du Fleuve Gambie. Ce qui rend donc uniques les cercles de mégalithes de Gambie et du Sénégal, en comparaison aux autres sites dans le monde, c’est leur abondance. En Sénégambie, bien que les pierres n’aient pas la monumentalité de Stonehenge, des milliers d’entre elles ont été savamment taillées et érigées sous forme de cercles ou autres alignements

Medical-Grade Honey Enhances the Healing of Caesarean Section Wounds and Is Similarly Effective to Antibiotics Combined with Povidone-Iodine in the Prevention of Infections—A Prospective Cohort Study

Caesarean sections (CS) are becoming increasingly popular. The antibiotic resistance crisis and relentless risk of infections, especially in developing countries, demand alternative treatment options. Medical-grade honey (MGH) exerts antimicrobial and healing properties. This study aims to evaluate the effect of MGH treatment on CS wound healing and postoperative complications when compared to conventional treatment (antibiotics in combination with povidone-iodine). In this prospective cohort study, 766 CS patients were included and evenly divided into two groups. The treatment group (n = 383) received an MGH-based formulation (L-Mesitran Soft) and the control group (n = 383) received antibiotics (Amoxicillin) combined with povidone-iodine. The wound healing time and complication rate were determined for both groups, and subsequently, predisposing factors for complications among the baseline characteristics and non-patient-related parameters were determined. The baseline characteristics were similar for both study groups, supporting a homogenous distribution. Postoperative complications were experienced by 19.3% of the patients in the control group and 18.8% in the treatment (MGH) group. The treatment group experienced significantly more superficial pus discharge than the control group, while the latter experienced significantly more deeper pus discharge. BMI, age, duration of hospitalization, anesthesia, and duration of CS could affect the complication risk. MGH significantly enhanced wound healing until day 42. On average, the healing time with MGH was 19.12 ± 7.760 days versus 24.54 ± 8.168 days in the control group. MGH is a potent alternative treatment to antibiotics and povidone-iodine because while the complication risk is similar, MGH has additional benefits. MGH promotes wound healing and does not bear the risk of resistance