Interaction between 2,5-Dimethylfuran and Nitric Oxide: Experimental and Modeling Study

In the present work, the interaction between 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) and NO has been investigated. The study includes experimental and modeling data on the evaluation of the influence of the temperature, stoichiometry, and 2,5-DMF concentration on the NO conversion as well as on the 2,5-DMF conversion in the presence of NO. The experiments were performed in an isothermal quartz flow reactor at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 800–1400 K. Some of the results of the present work were compared to the experimental and modeling data from an earlier study on 2,5-DMF conversion under similar conditions but in the absence of NO. The results reveal that the temperature, stoichiometry, and 2,5-DMF concentration play an important role on the conversion of NO. Likewise, these variables also influence the 2,5-DMF conversion regime in the presence of NO

Interaction between 2,5-Dimethylfuran and Nitric Oxide: Experimental and Modeling Study

In the present work, the interaction between 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) and NO has been investigated. The study includes experimental and modeling data on the evaluation of the influence of the temperature, stoichiometry, and 2,5-DMF concentration on the NO conversion as well as on the 2,5-DMF conversion in the presence of NO. The experiments were performed in an isothermal quartz flow reactor at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 800–1400 K. Some of the results of the present work were compared to the experimental and modeling data from an earlier study on 2,5-DMF conversion under similar conditions but in the absence of NO. The results reveal that the temperature, stoichiometry, and 2,5-DMF concentration play an important role on the conversion of NO. Likewise, these variables also influence the 2,5-DMF conversion regime in the presence of NO

High-Pressure Study of Methyl Formate Oxidation and Its Interaction with NO

An experimental and modeling study of the influence of pressure on the oxidation of methyl formate (MF) has been performed in the 1–60 bar pressure range, in an isothermal tubular quartz flow reactor in the 573–1073 K temperature range. The influence of stoichiometry, temperature, pressure, and presence of NO on the conversion of MF and the formation of the main products (CH₂O, CO₂, CO, CH₄, and H₂) has been analyzed. A detailed kinetic mechanism has been used to interpret the experimental results. The results show that the oxidation regime of MF differs significantly from atmospheric to high-pressure conditions. The impact of the NO presence has been considered, and results indicate that no net reduction of NO_<i>x</i> is achieved, even though, at high pressure, the NO–NO₂ interconversion results in a slightly increased reactivity of MF

Ethanol as a Fuel Additive: High-Pressure Oxidation of Its Mixtures with Acetylene

An experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of acetylene–ethanol mixtures under high-pressure conditions (10–40 bar) has been carried out in the 575–1075 K temperature range in a plug-flow reactor. The influence on the oxidation process of the oxygen inlet concentration (determined by the air excess ratio, λ) and the amount of ethanol (0–200 ppm) present in the reactant mixture has also been evaluated. In general, the predictions obtained with the proposed model are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. For a given pressure, the onset temperature for acetylene conversion is almost the same independent of the oxygen or ethanol concentration in the reactant mixture but is shifted to lower temperatures when the pressure is increased. Under the conditions of this study, the ethanol presence does not modify the main reaction routes for acetylene conversion, with its main effect being the modification of the radical pool composition

Ethanol as a Fuel Additive: High-Pressure Oxidation of Its Mixtures with Acetylene

An experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of acetylene–ethanol mixtures under high-pressure conditions (10–40 bar) has been carried out in the 575–1075 K temperature range in a plug-flow reactor. The influence on the oxidation process of the oxygen inlet concentration (determined by the air excess ratio, λ) and the amount of ethanol (0–200 ppm) present in the reactant mixture has also been evaluated. In general, the predictions obtained with the proposed model are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. For a given pressure, the onset temperature for acetylene conversion is almost the same independent of the oxygen or ethanol concentration in the reactant mixture but is shifted to lower temperatures when the pressure is increased. Under the conditions of this study, the ethanol presence does not modify the main reaction routes for acetylene conversion, with its main effect being the modification of the radical pool composition

Ethanol as a Fuel Additive: High-Pressure Oxidation of Its Mixtures with Acetylene

An experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of acetylene–ethanol mixtures under high-pressure conditions (10–40 bar) has been carried out in the 575–1075 K temperature range in a plug-flow reactor. The influence on the oxidation process of the oxygen inlet concentration (determined by the air excess ratio, λ) and the amount of ethanol (0–200 ppm) present in the reactant mixture has also been evaluated. In general, the predictions obtained with the proposed model are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. For a given pressure, the onset temperature for acetylene conversion is almost the same independent of the oxygen or ethanol concentration in the reactant mixture but is shifted to lower temperatures when the pressure is increased. Under the conditions of this study, the ethanol presence does not modify the main reaction routes for acetylene conversion, with its main effect being the modification of the radical pool composition

Trial Procedure—An Analysis of Arkansas\u27s Exceptional Treatment of the Contemporaneous Objection Rule in Criminal Bench Trials. Strickland v. State, 322 Ark. 312, 909 S.W.2d 318 (1995).

Low-speed marine diesel engines are mostly operated on heavy fuel oils, which have a high content of sulfur and ash, including trace amounts of vanadium, nickel, and aluminum. In particular, vanadium oxides could catalyze in-cylinder oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃, promoting the formation of sulfuric acid and enhancing problems of corrosion. In the present work, the kinetics of the catalyzed oxidation was studied in a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure. Vanadium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by spray flame pyrolysis, i.e., by a mechanism similar to the mechanism leading to the formation of the catalytic species within the engine. Experiments with different particle compositions (vanadium/sodium ratio) and temperatures (300–800 °C) show that both the temperature and sodium content have a major impact on the oxidation rate. Kinetic parameters for the catalyzed reaction are determined, and the proposed kinetic model fits well with the experimental data. The impact of the catalytic reaction is studied with a phenomenological zero-dimensional (0D) engine model, where fuel oxidation and SO_<i>x</i> formation is modeled with a comprehensive gas-phase reaction mechanism. Results indicate that the oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃ in the cylinder is dominated by gas-phase reactions and that the vanadium-catalyzed reaction is at most a very minor pathway