Síndrome de Miller Fisher e neurite óptica: relato de caso

Descreve-se um caso de síndrome de Miller Fisher associada a neuropatia óptica desmielinizante bilateral, confirmada pelo exame de potencial evocado visual, sugerindo possível comprometimento do sistema nervoso central nessa síndrome

Miotonia congênita: relato de sete pacientes Congenital myotonia: report of seven patients

Miotonia é o fenômeno da diminuição da velocidade de relaxamento muscular após contração, estímulo mecânico ou elétrico. As miotonias congênitas são afecções hereditárias e não apresentam distrofia muscular. Atualmente, a tendência é agrupá-las como doenças de canais iônicos, juntamente com as paralisias periódicas. Foram acompanhados sete pacientes, seis do sexo masculino e um do sexo feminino, com idade entre 16 e 48 anos (média 27 anos) e início dos sintomas entre 1 e 10 anos (média S anos), que apresentavam fenômeno miotônico desencadeado por contração intensa e hipertrofia muscular global. Três pacientes foram diagnosticados como miotonia generalizada tipo Becker por apresentarem herança autossômica recessiva e/ou episódios transitórios de fraqueza muscular. Dois pacientes correspondiam à miotonia congênita de Thomsen, com padrão de herança autossômica dominante e/ou ausência de episódios de fraqueza ou fatores de piora. Dois pacientes apresentavam miotonia flutuante, piorando com o frio e/ou ingestão de potássio. O diagnóstico clínico foi confirmado através de exames complementares (eletroneuromiografia, biópsia muscular e estudo do DNA). Cada paciente fez uso de diferentes drogas, no sentido de procurar o máximo de melhora da miotonia. Houve cinco relatos de melhora com difenil-hidantoína, um com carbamazepina, três com acetazolamida, um com bloqueador de canal de cálcio, um com beta-adrenérgico, um com tiazídico e nenhum com quinidina/procainamida.<br>Myotonia is the phenomenon of decrease of muscular relaxation rate, after either a contraction or a mechanical or electrical stimulus. Congenital myotonias are hereditary affections and do not present muscular dystrophy. The current trend is to group them as ionic channels diseases, together with the periodic paralysis.The authors accompanied the cases of seven patients, six males and one female, with ages ranging from 16 to 48 years (average 27 years) and onset of symptons between 1 and 10 years (average 5 years). These patients presented a myotonic phenomenon unleashed by intensive contraction and global muscular hypertrophy. Three patients were diagnosed as cases of Becker type generalized myotonia because they presented a recessive autosomic heredity and/or transient episodes of muscular weakness. Two patients fitted the description of Thomsen congenital myotonia, with a pattern of dominating autosomic heredity and/or absence of weakness episodes or worsening factors for their condition.Two patients presented fluctuating myotonia, which became worse in cold weather or at potassium intake. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed through complementary tests (electroneuromyography, muscle biopsy and DNA study). Each of the patients made use of different drugs, in the search of optimal lessening of their myotonia. There were five reports of amelioration with the use of diphenilhydantoine; one report with the use of carbamazepine; three reports with the use of acetazolamide; one report with the use of a calcium channel blocker; one report with the use of a beta-adrenergic; one report with the use of thiazide; and none with the use of quinidine/procainamide

Eculizumab in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis previously treated with rituximab: subgroup analysis of REGAIN and its extension study

Introduction/Aims: Individuals with refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) who have a history of rituximab use and experience persistent symptoms represent a population with unmet treatment needs. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eculizumab in patients with refractory anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) gMG previously treated with rituximab. Methods: This post hoc subgroup analysis of the phase 3 REGAIN study (NCT01997229) and its open-label extension (OLE; NCT02301624) compared baseline characteristics, safety, and response to eculizumab in participants who had previously received rituximab with those who had not. Rituximab use was not permitted within the 6 months before screening or during REGAIN/OLE. Results: Of 125 REGAIN participants, 14 had received rituximab previously (7 received placebo and 7 received eculizumab). In the previous-rituximab group, 57% had used at least four other immunosuppressants compared with 16% in the no-previous-rituximab group. Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living total scores from eculizumab baseline to week 130 of eculizumab treatment improved in both the previous-rituximab and no-previous-rituximab groups (least-squares mean −4.4, standard error of the mean [SEM] 1.0 [n = 9] and least-squares mean −4.6, SEM 0.3 [n = 67], respectively; difference = 0.2, 95% confidence interval −1.88 to 2.22). In addition, in both groups, most patients who were treated with eculizumab for 130 weeks achieved a Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (66.7% and 65.0%, respectively). The eculizumab safety profile was similar between groups and consistent with its established profile. Discussion: Eculizumab is an effective therapy for patients with refractory AChR+ gMG, irrespective of whether they had received rituximab treatment previously

Eculizumab in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis previously treated with rituximab: subgroup analysis of REGAIN and its extension study

Introduction/Aims Individuals with refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) who have a history of rituximab use and experience persistent symptoms represent a population with unmet treatment needs. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eculizumab in patients with refractory anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive (AChR+) gMG previously treated with rituximab. Methods This post hoc subgroup analysis of the phase 3 REGAIN study (NCT01997229) and its open‐label extension (OLE; NCT02301624) compared baseline characteristics, safety, and response to eculizumab in participants who had previously received rituximab with those who had not. Rituximab use was not permitted within the 6 months before screening or during REGAIN/OLE. Results Of 125 REGAIN participants, 14 had received rituximab previously (7 received placebo and 7 received eculizumab). In the previous‐rituximab group, 57% had used at least four other immunosuppressants compared with 16% in the no‐previous‐rituximab group. Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living total scores from eculizumab baseline to week 130 of eculizumab treatment improved in both the previous‐rituximab and no‐previous‐rituximab groups (least‐squares mean −4.4, standard error of the mean [SEM] 1.0 [n = 9] and least‐squares mean −4.6, SEM 0.3 [n = 67], respectively; difference = 0.2, 95% confidence interval −1.88 to 2.22). In addition, in both groups, most patients who were treated with eculizumab for 130 weeks achieved a Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America post‐intervention status of minimal manifestations (66.7% and 65.0%, respectively). The eculizumab safety profile was similar between groups and consistent with its established profile. Discussion Eculizumab is an effective therapy for patients with refractory AChR+ gMG, irrespective of whether they had received rituximab treatment previously