Pain management practices by nurses: An application of the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) Model

Pain is one of the most common reasons that drives people to go to hospitals.It has been found that several factors affect the practices of pain management. In this regard, this study aimed at investigating the underlying determinants in terms of pain management practices.Based on reviewing the previous studies and the suggestions of the KAP model, it was hypothesized that the main elements of the KAP model (attitudes and knowledge) significantly predict the variation in the practices of nurses regarding pain management. A questionnaire comprising the KAP model’ s constructs , i.e. knowledge and attitude towards pain management ,as well as pain management practices, was used to collect data from 266 registered nurses ( n=266) who are deemed competent in the management of patients’ pain in the Jordanian public hospitals. The two constructs, attitude and knowledge, which are the main determinants of the KAP model were found to independently predict nurses’ practices of managing patients’ pain.Knowledge of pain management was found to be the strongest predictor.Additionally, it was found that about 69% of the variance in pain management could be explained by the constructs of the KAP model. Therefore, it is recommended that the Jordanian hospitals and universities focus on nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards pain management in order to enhance their practices in the field of pain management

Psychosocial Theories and Pain Management Practices: A Review of Empirical Research

Context: A number of psychosocial theories have been developed to predict, explain, and change health behaviors. The previous studies were concerned about the pain management practices based on various underpinning theories. Some of these studies utilized the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Furthermore, other pain management studies used the KAP model to assess the pain management practices. Objectives: the aim of this article is to determine the most appropriate underpinning theory to assess the pain management practices. Methods: the utilized models in pain management topic are outlined in turn, their similarities and differences are noted, and common criticisms are discussed. Results and Conclusion: the reciprocal determinism theory is the most suitable underpinning theory to assess the nurses’ practices regarding pain management. Future studies should focus on the application of the reciprocal determinism theory to assess the pain management practices. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s2p6

A rare case of community acquired serratia lung abscess in a patient with cardiac bronchus

  The incidence of lung abscess caused by Serratia marcescens is extremely low and is only reported in the immunocompromised population. We present a previously healthy woman with Serratia lung abscess in close proximity with an accessory cardiac bronchus. The patient was treated with appropriate antibiotics which led to complete resolution of the lesion. Our case highlights that individuals without medical co-morbidities may develop atypical lung infections like Serratia when associated with anatomic anomalies.

Prevalence and predictors of readmissions among adults with cystic fibrosis in the United States

Introduction: Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have increasing rates of hospitalization. We analyzed the burden and predictorsof thirty-day readmission among patients with CF in the U.S. Material and methods: Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) 2013 was used to identify adults with CF who were hospitalized.These individuals were followed to determine the prevalence of readmission within thirty days of index discharge. Coxproportional hazard regression was used to identify independent predictors of readmission. Results: There were 14,616 index admissions of adults with CF in 2013. Of these, 2,606 (17.8%) patients were readmitted within30 days of discharge. Female sex and chronic anemia were independent predictors of readmission. The most common causes ofreadmission were pulmonary exacerbation (31%), lung transplant complications (5.2%), and septicemia (3.4%). Conclusion: Readmissions are frequent among adults with CF and contribute to significant healthcare burden and cost amongthis population

Rzadki przypadek ropnia płuca pochodzenia środowiskowego wywołanego przez Serratia marcescens u pacjentki z dodatkowym oskrzelem sercowym

Ropień płuca spowodowany przez Serratia marcescens występuje niezwykle rzadko i tylko u osób mających obniżoną odporność. Przedstawiono przypadek uprzednio zdrowej kobiety z ropniem płuca wywołanym przez Serratia, położonym blisko dodatkowego oskrzela sercowego (cardiac bronchus). Pacjentka była leczona odpowiednimi antybiotykami, co doprowadziło do całkowitego wyleczenia zmiany. Opisany przypadek pokazuje, że u osób chorych na schorzenia współistniejące mogą występować nietypowe zakażenia płuc wywołane przez Serratia, związane z odchyleniami anatomicznymi.Ropień płuca spowodowany przez Serratia marcescens występuje niezwykle rzadko i tylko u osób mających obniżoną odporność. Przedstawiono przypadek uprzednio zdrowej kobiety z ropniem płuca wywołanym przez Serratia, położonym blisko dodatkowego oskrzela sercowego (cardiac bronchus). Pacjentka była leczona odpowiednimi antybiotykami, co doprowadziło do całkowitego wyleczenia zmiany. Opisany przypadek pokazuje, że u osób chorych na schorzenia współistniejące mogą występować nietypowe zakażenia płuc wywołane przez Serratia, związane z odchyleniami anatomicznymi

Case Report Central Venous Line Insertion Revealing Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return: Diagnosis and Management

Central venous line malposition is a well-known complication of line insertion. Rarely, it can be mal-positioned in an anomalous pulmonary vein. We present an unusual case of a 56-year-old woman that was found to have partial anomalous pulmonary venous return on central venous line insertion. In this report, we describe a systematic approach to diagnosis and management of this unusual situation

Prevalence and Characteristics of Self-Reported Hypothyroidism and Its Association with Nonorgan-Specific Manifestations in US Sarcoidosis Patients: A Nationwide Registry Study

Little is known about the prevalence, clinical characteristics and impact of hypothyroidism in patients with sarcoidosis. We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical features of hypothyroidism and its relation to organ involvement and other clinical manifestations in patients with sarcoidosis. We conducted a national registry-based study investigating 3835 respondents to the Sarcoidosis Advanced Registry for Cures Questionnaire between June 2014 and August 2019. This registry is based on a self-reported, web-based questionnaire that provides data related to demographics, diagnostics, sarcoidosis manifestations and treatment. We compared sarcoidosis patients with and without self-reported hypothyroidism. We used multivariable logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders to determine the association of hypothyroidism with nonorgan-specific manifestations. 14% of the sarcoidosis patients self-reported hypothyroidism and were generally middle-aged white women. Hypothyroid patients had more comorbid conditions and were more likely to have multiorgan sarcoidosis involvement, especially with cutaneous, ocular, joints, liver and lacrimal gland involvement. Self-reported hypothyroidism was associated with depression (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.3, 95% CI 1.01–1.6), antidepressant use (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.7), obesity (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4–2.1), sleep apnoea (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.2), chronic fatigue syndrome (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–2) and was borderline associated with fibromyalgia (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1–1.8). Physical impairment was more common in patients with hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a frequent comorbidity in sarcoidosis patients that might be a potentially reversible contributor to fatigue, depression and physical impairment in this population. We recommend considering routine screening for hypothyroidism in sarcoidosis patients especially in those with multiorgan sarcoidosis, fatigue and depression

A novel technique of needle setting for curvilinear endobronchial ultrasound: Improved efficiency with no cost

Background: Standard instructions for biopsy using the convex curvilinear endobronchial ultrasound scope include visualization and adjustment of the sheath housing the biopsy needle before every puncture. In our practice, we pre-set this relationship before inserting the endobronchial ultrasound scope and leave it fixed for every puncture. Objective: We postulated that this approach is more efficient than repeated re-adjustment and aimed to show that it would not increase the frequency of endobronchial ultrasound scope damage. Methods: Retrospective review of every biopsy using the endobronchial ultrasound scope over a 6-year period with documentation of damages and costs. Results: There were 15 scope damages out of 1792 procedures (0.8%). Eight damages were determined to be due to needle damage, one due to patient bite, three due to Williams airway abrasions, and three were camera failures. All damages occurred during the first 5 years of the study. Costs totaled US$138,725, for an average of US$23,120 per year. This rate of damages appears to be similar to or lower than that reported when standard instructions are followed. Conclusion: Pre-setting of the biopsy needle when the endobronchial ultrasound scope is used leads to greater efficiency and no increase in scope damages

A Rare Case of Community Acquired Serratia Lung Abscess in a Patient with Cardiac Bronchus

The incidence of lung abscess caused by Serratia marcescens is extremely low and is only reported in the immunocompromised population. We present a previously healthy woman with Serratia lung abscess in close proximity with an accessory cardiac bronchus. The patient was treated with appropriate antibiotics which led to complete resolution of the lesion. Our case highlights that individuals without medical co-morbidities may develop atypical lung infections like Serratia when associated with anatomic anomalies

Iatrogenic Right-Sided Pneumothorax Presenting as ST-Segment Elevation: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature

Pneumothorax is a well-recognized complication of central venous line insertion (CVL). Rarely, pneumothorax can lead to electrocardiogram (ECG) findings mimicking ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We present a 63-year-old man with iatrogenic right-sided pneumothorax who developed ST-segment elevation on a 12-lead ECG suggestive of myocardial infarction. The ECG findings completely resolved after needle decompression and chest tube placement. This case points up this rare electrocardiographic finding with discussion of possible mechanisms and differential diagnosis