Transparency, Inequity Aversion, and the Dynamics of Peer Pressure in Teams: Theory and Evidence

We provide an explanation for peer pressure in teams based on inequity aversion. Analyzing a two-period model with two agents, we find that the effect of inequity aversion strongly depends on the information structure. When contributions are unobservable, agents act as if they were purely selfish. However, when contributions are made transparent at an interim stage, agents exert higher efforts in the first period and adjust their efforts according to the interim information in the second period. This form of peer pressure reduces free-riding and thus, more efficient outcomes are attained. The results are confirmed in a real effort experiment.real effort, team, transparency, peer pressure, free-riding, incentives, inequity aversion, experiment

Martin Van Buren and the internal improvements question

The purpose of this study is to reflect the impact of Martin Van Buren exerted upon the much debated question of Federal responsibility for financing road and canal construction. Van Buren\u27s early life of hardship and his struggle to lift himself, virtually by hid bootstraps , from the ranks of mediocrity is omitted. Emphasis has been directed to service in the New York Senate, the United States Senat, Secretary of State under Andrew Jackson, Vice-President and as President. The Future President of the United States (1837-1941) served as an advocate for the various forces opposing the trend towards greater Federal control over the lives of the citizens of the new nation (1826-1831). During the latter period, the mood and temper of the people appears to hae been correctly diagnosed by Van Buren than by his chief political copetitors Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster. As a result, Van Buren\u27s popularity and prestige continued to increase and his carefully laid plans to become President came to fruition

Impact of working hours on work-life balance

To examine the influence of working hours on employees' satisfaction, this article uses a large, representative set of panel data from German households (GSOEP). The results show that high working hours and overtime in general do not lead to decreased satisfaction. Rather, increasing working hours and overtime have positive effects on life and job satisfaction, whereas the desire to reduce working hours has a negative impact on satisfaction. In 2009, nearly 60% of employees wanted to reduce their working hours. The overall number of hours by which employees want to reduce their working time is driven mainly by overtime compensation

Help the Library Receive Candy: The ILL Usability Project at Reed College

This session examines the methods and results of a usability project assessing the Reed College Library’s interlibrary loan (ILL) program. Employing a service design approach (including “guerrilla”-style web usability studies, user surveys, and student worker interviews), the Reed Library User Experience (LUX) team worked closely with library users and staff to understand the various processes that make up the ILL user experience. Though this session will focus on Reed’s ILL usability project as its example, it will be especially concerned with exploring tools and methods that could be used to conduct similar projects at other institutions

Whom to choose as a team mate? A lab experiment about in-group favouritism

The practical relevance of favouritism among students of the same study path is evident in lifelong memberships in fraternities or sororities or in high donations to faculties. In our study, we focus on the in-group favouritism of students by examining the trade-off of acting based on in-group favouritism or a performance signal when decisions are made about whom to choose as a team mate. The novel feature of your study is that the choice of a team mate is either benevolence or relevant to the own output. In the first scenario, only the payoff of the chosen subject changed, whereas in the second scenario, the decision affected the decider's own payoff as well as that of the chosen subject. The subjects ex ante knew the group type (path of study) of the pool of possible team mates and received a signal giving weak information about their ability regarding the task. Intuitively, one would expect more favouritism if the own payoff was not affected by the performance of the chosen team mate. However, we found the opposite. The subjects exerted more favouritism in the revenue sharing scenario. Possibly they expected reciprocal behaviour and less free riding if they selected a team mate belonging to their own group. Interestingly, groups formed based on favouritism did not perform significantly different from groups formed based on the performance signal

Pemodelan Asuransi Jiwa Berdasarkan Asumsi Mortalita Weibull

Pemodelan asuransi jiwa berdasarkan asumsi mortalita Weibull diawali dengan memodelkan fungsi-fungsi aktuaria, seperti fungsi survival, fungsi densitas, dan peluang hidup berdasarkan laju mortalita(force of mortality)dengan  asumsi  mortalita  Weibull. Selanjutnya fungsi-fungsi aktuaria tersebut dipergunakan untuk menghitung mean dan variansi dari nilai sekarang(present value) asuransi berjangka n tahun dengan benefit dibayarkan diakhir tahun kematian berdasarkan asumsi Weibull Selain itu juga akan diperhitungkan bentuk mean dan variansi dari anuitas hidup berjangka n tahun. Berdasarkan nilai sekarang aktuaria(Actuarial Present Value) dan anuitas hidup, diperoleh pemodelan premi asuransi jiwa berdasarkan asumsi Mortalita Weibull. Sehingga model ini dapat menjadi alternatif bagi perhitungan asuransi jiwa