25,093 research outputs found
Exact solution for the energy density inside a one-dimensional non-static cavity with an arbitrary initial field state
We study the exact solution for the energy density of a real massless scalar
field in a two-dimensional spacetime, inside a non-static cavity with an
arbitrary initial field state, taking into account the Neumann and Dirichlet
boundary conditions. This work generalizes the exact solution proposed by Cole
and Schieve in the context of the Dirichlet boundary condition and vacuum as
the initial state. We investigate diagonal states, examining the vacuum and
thermal field as particular cases. We also study non-diagonal initial field
states, taking as examples the coherent and Schrodinger cat states.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
Fertilização com uréia em superfície em pastagem irrigada e a volatilização de amônia.
A aplicação de uréia em superfície na pastagem pode ocasionar elevadas perdas de amônia por volatilização e uma das alternativas para minimizar esse efeito é a irrigação ou a precipitação logo após a adubação. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de lâminas de água, após a adubação com uréia (75 kgN/ha) na superfície e a lanço em pastagem de colonião, nas perdas de N por volatilização. Foram realizados três experimentos em três épocas, verão, inverno e primavera. O delineamento experimental foi em faixas, em sistema de aspersão em linha, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram quatro níveis de irrigação após a adubação com uréia, sendo três tratamentos com lâminas de água e um controle (sem irrigação). Um dos tratamentos consistia em elevar a umidade do solo à capacidade de campo e os outros dois eram lâminas de água intermediárias aos do controle e capacidade de campo, havendo variação conforme a estação do ano. No verão, a aplicação de apenas 3,2 mm de água elevou a umidade do solo para 52,4% da capacidade de água disponível e reduziu as perdas de N-NH3 para menos de 3,1 % do N aplicado, enquanto a ausência de irrigação provocou perdas de 30,5%. No inverno e na primavera a volatilização de N-NH3 foi baixa, mesmo na ausência de irrigação após a adubação. Na primavera, a irrigação com 16 mm de água elevou a umidade do solo à capacidade de campo e reduziu as perdas para 1,6 % do N aplicado, enquanto no controle as perdas foram de 5%
Análise de resíduos organoclorados em óleos essenciais cítricos brasileiros utilizando CG-EM-MSI.
Análise de resíduos organofosforados em óleos essenciais cítricos brasileiros utilizando CG-EM-MSI.
Yang-Lee zeros for a nonequilibrium phase transition
Equilibrium systems which exhibit a phase transition can be studied by
investigating the complex zeros of the partition function. This method,
pioneered by Yang and Lee, has been widely used in equilibrium statistical
physics. We show that an analogous treatment is possible for a nonequilibrium
phase transition into an absorbing state. By investigating the complex zeros of
the survival probability of directed percolation processes we demonstrate that
the zeros provide information about universal properties. Moreover we identify
certain non-trivial points where the survival probability for bond percolation
can be computed exactly.Comment: LaTeX, IOP-style, 13 pages, 10 eps figure
Twisted partial actions of Hopf algebras
In this work, the notion of a twisted partial Hopf action is introduced as a
unified approach for twisted partial group actions, partial Hopf actions and
twisted actions of Hopf algebras. The conditions on partial cocycles are
established in order to construct partial crossed products, which are also
related to partially cleft extensions of algebras. Examples are elaborated
using algebraic groups
Diversidade de insetos associados às macrófitas aquáticas da Lagoa dos Índios em Macapá, AP.
Resumo 12
Soursop (Annona muricata L.).
Soursop is a very perishable fruit. At room temperature, it has a shelf life limited to five days when it has been harvested at physiologieal maturity. Researeh into this fruit has been \imited to date but its attraetive flavor favors its eommereia\ization in different regions. Identifieation ofthe eorreet harvest time and the use ofpostharvest teehnologies sueh as refrigeration, eoatings and modified atmospheres, ete., ean extend the shelf \ife of soursop fruit. The impaet of orehard management on fruit qua\ity is also considered.bitstream/item/178552/1/Postharvest-biology-and-technology-of-tropical-and-subtropical-fruits2011-c.18-p.-363-391.pd
The nature of the dense core population in the Pipe Nebula: A survey of NH3, CCS, and HC5N molecular line emission
Recent extinction studies of the Pipe Nebula (d=130 pc) reveal many cores
spanning a range in mass from 0.2 to 20.4 Msun. These dense cores were
identified via their high extinction and comprise a starless population in a
very early stage of development. Here we present a survey of NH3 (1,1), NH3
(2,2), CCS (2_1,1_0), and HC5N (9,8) emission toward 46 of these cores. An
atlas of the 2MASS extinction maps is also presented. In total, we detect 63%
of the cores in NH3 (1,1) 22% in NH3 (2,2), 28% in CCS, and 9% in HC5N
emission. We find the cores are associated with dense gas (~10^4 cm-3) with 9.5
< T_k < 17 K. Compared to C18O, we find the NH3 linewidths are systematically
narrower, implying that the NH3 is tracing the dense component of the gas and
that these cores are relatively quiescent. We find no correlation between core
linewidth and size. The derived properties of the Pipe cores are similar to
cores within other low-mass star-forming regions: the only differences are that
the Pipe cores have weaker NH3 emision and most show no current star formation
as evidenced by the lack of embedded infrared sources. Such weak NH3 emission
could arise due to low column densities and abundances or reduced excitation
due to relatively low core volume densities. Either alternative implies that
the cores are relatively young. Thus, the Pipe cores represent an excellent
sample of dense cores in which to study the initial conditions for star
formation and the earliest stages of core formation and evolution.Comment: 35 pages, 10 figures (excluding the appendix). For the complete
appendix contact [email protected]. Accepted for publication in ApJ
- …