Las adolescentes de la calle y su percepción de la sociedad

This research aims to reveal what teenagers think, feel and express on the society around them, the street teens who use drugs. The approach was qualitative, under the methodology of Grounded Theory (Grand theory) supported by symbolic interactionism for understanding the phenomenon. They met seven (7) young women between 13 and 18, which were the key informants, the inclusion criteria were having had the experience of being and living on the street, and using illegal drugs. The technique of data collection was in-depth interviews. After analyzing the data did the category: Visionary Society for street teens with their respective sub categories. It is concluded that adolescents in the street is an everyday phenomenon that occurs most often in our society, which has the risk factors: the dysfunctional family, peer groups and the desire to live the initial experience. The teenagers interviewed feel rejected and despised by the community because of using drugs and living on the street.Esta investigación pretende develar lo que piensan, sienten y expresan sobre la sociedad que les rodea, las adolescentes de la calle que consumen drogas. El abordaje fue  cualitativo, bajo la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos (Grand theory) sustentada en el interaccionismo simbólico para la comprensión del fenómeno. Se entrevistaron siete (7) jóvenes femeninas con edades entre 13 y 18 años, las cuales fueron las informantes claves, los criterios de inclusión eran haber  tenido la experiencia de estar y vivir en la calle, y consumir drogas ilícitas. La técnica de recolección de los datos fue la entrevista en profundidad. Posterior al análisis de los datos surgió la categoría: Visionario  de la sociedad para las adolescentes de la calle con sus respectivas sub categorías.  Se  concluye que las adolescentes en la calle es un fenómeno que cada día se presenta con mayor frecuencia en nuestra sociedad, el cual tiene como factores de riesgo: la familia disfuncional, los grupos de pares y el deseo de vivir la experiencia inicial. Las adolescentes entrevistadas se sienten rechazadas y despreciadas por la comunidad debido a que consumen drogas y viven en la calle

SERUM LEVELS OF CARDIAC ENZYMES IN MATURE DOGS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Se determinó los niveles séricos de las enzimas asparto aminotransferasa (AST), creatina fosfokinasa (CK), isoenzima creatina fosfokinasa-MB (CK-MB) y lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) en perros adultos con enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) y aparentemente sanos, para evaluar su uso como predictor de daño miocárdico en insuficiencia cardíaca. Se evaluó a 25 animales sin distinción de sexo y raza, los cuales se dividieron en 2 grupos: 10 animales aparentemente sanos (G1) y 15 animales con enfermedad cardiovascular (G2). Se colectó sangre de la vena cefálica y los sueros resultantes se analizaron por espectrofotometría. Los niveles séricos de la isoenzima CK-MB fueron los únicos que tuvieron diferencia estadística (p<0.05) a favor de los animales con ECV. Se concluye que la CK-MB puede servir para predecir el daño miocárdico progresivo en la insuficiencia cardíaca canina.Serum levels of the asparte amino transferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), the MB fraction of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes were measured in adult dogs with cardiovascular disease to evaluate their potential use as predictors of myocardial damage in heart failure. Twenty five animals, irrespective of sex and breed, were studied: 10 of them were apparently healthy (G1) and the other 15 suffered of cardiovascular illnesses (G2). Blood samples were collected and the resulting sera was examined by spectrophotometry. The results indicated that only levels of CK-MB were statistically different (p<0.05) betwen the two groups. It is concluded that CK-MB can be used to predict progressive myocardial damage in dog´s heart failure

Childhood acute leukemias are frequent in Mexico City: descriptive epidemiology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Worldwide, acute leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer. It is particularly common in the Hispanic populations residing in the United States, Costa Rica, and Mexico City. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of acute leukemia in children who were diagnosed and treated in public hospitals in Mexico City.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Included in this study were those children, under 15 years of age and residents of Mexico City, who were diagnosed in 2006 and 2007 with leukemia, as determined by using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The average annual incidence rates (AAIR), and the standardized average annual incidence rates (SAAIR) per million children were calculated. We calculated crude, age- and sex-specific incidence rates and adjusted for age by the direct method with the world population as standard. We determined if there were a correlation between the incidence of acute leukemias in the various boroughs of Mexico City and either the number of agricultural hectares, the average number of persons per household, or the municipal human development index for Mexico (used as a reference of socio-economic level).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although a total of 610 new cases of leukemia were registered during 2006-2007, only 228 fit the criteria for inclusion in this study. The overall SAAIR was 57.6 per million children (95% CI, 46.9-68.3); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most frequent type of leukemia, constituting 85.1% of the cases (SAAIR: 49.5 per million), followed by acute myeloblastic leukemia at 12.3% (SAAIR: 6.9 per million), and chronic myeloid leukemia at 1.7% (SAAIR: 0.9 per million). The 1-4 years age group had the highest SAAIR for ALL (77.7 per million). For cases of ALL, 73.2% had precursor B-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR: 35.8 per million) and 12.4% had T-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR 6.3 per million). The peak ages for ALL were 2-6 years and 8-10 years. More than half the children (58.8%) were classified as high risk. There was a positive correlation between the average number of persons per household and the incidence of the pre-B immunophenotype (Pearson's r, 0.789; P = 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The frequency of ALL in Mexico City is among the highest in the world, similar to those found for Hispanics in the United States and in Costa Rica.</p

The street teens and their perception of society

Esta investigación pretende develar lo que piensan, sienten y expresan sobre la sociedad que les rodea, las adolescentes de la calle que consumen drogas. El abordaje fue cualitativo, bajo la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos (Grand theory) sustentada en el interaccionismo simbólico para la comprensión del fenómeno. Se entrevistaron siete (7) jóvenes femeninas con edades entre 13 y 18 años, las cuales fueron las informantes claves, los criterios de inclusión eran haber tenido la experiencia de estar y vivir en la calle, y consumir drogas ilícitas. La técnica de recolección de los datos fue la entrevista en profundidad. Posterior al análisis de los datos surgió la categoría: Visionario de la sociedad para las adolescentes de la calle con sus respectivas sub categorías. Se concluye que las adolescentes en la calle es un fenómeno que cada día se presenta con mayor frecuencia en nuestra sociedad, el cual tiene como factores de riesgo: la familia disfuncional, los grupos de pares y el deseo de vivir la experiencia inicial. Las adolescentes entrevistadas se sienten rechazadas y despreciadas por la comunidad debido a que consumen drogas y viven en la calle.ABSTRACT This research aims to reveal what teenagers think, feel and express on the society around them, the street teens who use drugs. The approach was qualitative, under the methodology of Grounded Theory (Grand theory) supported by symbolic interactionism for understanding the phenomenon. They met seven (7) young women between 13 and 18, which were the key informants, the inclusion criteria were having had the experience of being and living on the street, and using illegal drugs. The technique of data collection was in-depth interviews. After analyzing the data did the category: Visionary Society for street teens with their respective sub categories. It is concluded that adolescents in the street is an everyday phenomenon that occurs most often in our society, which has the risk factors: the dysfunctional family, peer groups and the desire to live the initial experience. The teenagers interviewed feel rejected and despised by the community because of using drugs and living on the street