2,312 research outputs found
Ground state spin and Coulomb blockade peak motion in chaotic quantum dots
We investigate experimentally and theoretically the behavior of Coulomb
blockade (CB) peaks in a magnetic field that couples principally to the
ground-state spin (rather than the orbital moment) of a chaotic quantum dot. In
the first part, we discuss numerically observed features in the magnetic field
dependence of CB peak and spacings that unambiguously identify changes in spin
S of each ground state for successive numbers of electrons on the dot, N. We
next evaluate the probability that the ground state of the dot has a particular
spin S, as a function of the exchange strength, J, and external magnetic field,
B. In the second part, we describe recent experiments on gate-defined GaAs
quantum dots in which Coulomb peak motion and spacing are measured as a
function of in-plane magnetic field, allowing changes in spin between N and N+1
electron ground states to be inferred.Comment: To appear in Proceedings of the Nobel Symposium 2000 (Physica
Scripta
Mesoscopic Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in metallic rings
We study the amplitude of mesoscopic Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in
quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) diffusive rings. We consider first the
low-temperature limit of a fully coherent sample. The variance of oscillation
harmonics is calculated as a function of the length of the leads attaching the
ring to reservoirs. We further analyze the regime of relatively high
temperatures, when the dephasing due to electron-electron interaction
suppresses substantially the oscillations. We show that the dephasing length
L_phi^AB governing the damping factor exp(-2pi R /L_phi^AB) of the oscillations
is parametrically different from the common dephasing length for the Q1D
geometry. This is due to the fact that the dephasing is governed by energy
transfers determined by the ring circumference 2pi R, making L_phi^AB
R-dependent.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, to appear in proceedings of NATO/Euresco
Conference "Fundamental Problems of Mesoscopic Physics: Interactions and
Decoherence", Granada (Spain), September 200
Statistical model of dephasing in mesoscopic devices introduced in the scattering matrix formalism
We propose a phenomenological model of dephasing in mesoscopic transport,
based on the introduction of random phase fluctuations in the computation of
the scattering matrix of the system. A Monte Carlo averaging procedure allows
us to extract electrical and microscopic device properties. We show that, in
this picture, scattering matrix properties enforced by current conservation and
time reversal invariance still hold. In order to assess the validity of the
proposed approach, we present simulations of conductance and magnetoconductance
of Aharonov-Bohm rings that reproduce the behavior observed in experiments, in
particular as far as aspects related to decoherence are concerned.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Non-linear effects and dephasing in disordered electron systems
The calculation of the dephasing time in electron systems is presented. By
means of the Keldysh formalism we discuss in a unifying way both weak
localization and interaction effects in disordered systems. This allows us to
show how dephasing arises both in the particle-particle channel (weak
localization) and in the particle-hole channel (interaction effect). First we
discuss dephasing by an external field. Besides reviewing previous work on how
an external oscillating field suppresses the weak localization correction, we
derive a new expression for the effect of a field on the interaction
correction. We find that the latter may be suppressed by a static electric
field, in contrast to weak localization. We then consider dephasing due to
inelastic scattering. The ambiguities involved in the definition of the
dephasing time are clarified by directly comparing the diagrammatic approach
with the path-integral approach. We show that different dephasing times appear
in the particle-particle and particle-hole channels. Finally we comment on
recent experiments.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures (14ps-files
Localization of Matter Waves in 2D-Disordered Optical Potentials
We consider ultracold atoms in 2D-disordered optical potentials and calculate
microscopic quantities characterizing matter wave quantum transport in the
non-interacting regime. We derive the diffusion constant as function of all
relevant microscopic parameters and show that coherent multiple scattering
induces significant weak localization effects. In particular, we find that even
the strong localization regime is accessible with current experimental
techniques and calculate the corresponding localization length.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, figures changed, references update
Calculation of dephasing times in closed quantum dots
Dephasing of one-particle states in closed quantum dots is analyzed within
the framework of random matrix theory and Master equation. Combination of this
analysis with recent experiments on the magnetoconductance allows for the first
time to evaluate the dephasing times of closed quantum dots. These dephasing
times turn out to depend on the mean level spacing and to be significantly
enhanced as compared with the case of open dots. Moreover, the experimental
data available are consistent with the prediction that the dephasing of
one-particle states in finite closed systems disappears at low enough energies
and temperatures.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Ergodicity breaking in a model showing many-body localization
We study the breaking of ergodicity measured in terms of return probability
in the evolution of a quantum state of a spin chain. In the non ergodic phase a
quantum state evolves in a much smaller fraction of the Hilbert space than
would be allowed by the conservation of extensive observables. By the anomalous
scaling of the participation ratios with system size we are led to consider the
distribution of the wave function coefficients, a standard observable in modern
studies of Anderson localization. We finally present a criterion for the
identification of the ergodicity breaking (many-body localization) transition
based on these distributions which is quite robust and well suited for
numerical investigations of a broad class of problems.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, final versio
Variation of the density of states in amorphous GdSi at the metal-insulator transition
We performed detailed conductivity and tunneling mesurements on the
amorphous, magnetically doped material -GdSi (GdSi), which
can be driven through the metal-insulator transition by the application of an
external magnetic field. Conductivity increases linearly with field near the
transition and slightly slower on the metallic side. The tunneling conductance,
proportional to the density of states , undergoes a gradual change with
increasing field, from insulating, showing a soft gap at low bias, with a
slightly weaker than parabolic energy dependence, i.e. , , towards metallic behavior, with , energy
dependence. The density of states at the Fermi level appears to be zero at low
fields, as in an insulator, while the sample shows already small, but
metal-like conductivity. We suggest a possible explanation to the observed
effect.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
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