Women\u27s Access to Political Leadership in Madagascar: The Value of History and Social Political Activism

Globally, wide gaps exist between men’s and women’s participation in leadership roles. This paper explores women’s access to leadership in Madagascar through an examination of women’s participation in politics and government. Research across the literature found three major reasons for women’s political participation: gender quotas, kinship and societal upheaval. However, upon examining Madagascar, women’s participation in leadership involves factors, which were not fully explored in this literature. The historical legacy of Madagascar and women’s social and political activism were the principal factors in women’s participation in leadership. The findings might have implications in explaining women’s access to leadership roles

D-3 Study Abroad Best Practices

Short-term study abroad programs are becoming increasingly popular among colleges in the U.S. Research into the subject has tended to focus on programs in developed countries, especially Europe. This article is an exposition of best practices and guidelines for short term study abroad programs in the context of the developing world. The research is based on first-hand experience of the author in administering a program to the island of Madagascar for four weeks each year from 2011 to 2015, and student experiences on these tours through their daily reports. The article discusses the challenges encountered on the Madagascar study tour and avenues to circumvent these challenges. There is also a discussion on the benefits of the tour to students who participate. Finally, the paper tackles an area that is largely unexplored in the current literature - the effect that study tours have on the local communities in which they are held. The paper was produced with the expectation that administrators of study tours would have a reference point for what is required to administer a tour, good practices that enhance student’s educational and cultural experiences, and knowledge of the effects that their presence has on the local community

A-3 Factors Contributing to Women’s Leadership Roles in Politics: Madagascar

The purpose of this paper is to explore the reasons behind women’s participation in politics, focusing on the case of Madagascar. The particular focus is on leadership roles of women in politics – as heads of state, government and political parties. The research uses qualitative methods to collect data. Among others, three major reasons for women’s political participation have been found across the literature: gender quotas; kinship ties to leadership, and societal upheaval and revolution. However, upon examination of the special case of Madagascar, reasons were found that explained women’s participation and leadership in politics that were not generally found in the literature. The historical legacy of Madagascar, and women’s social and political activism were found to be the guiding forces to women’s participation in politics. The findings might have wider implications in explaining women’s access to political leadership roles

Women’s access to political leadership in Madagascar: The Value of History and Social Activism?

Globally, wide gaps exist between men’s and women’s participation in leadership roles.This paper explores women’s access to leadership in Madagascar through an examination of women’s participation in politics and government. Research across the literature found three major reasons for women’s political participation: gender quotas, kinship and societal upheaval. However, upon examining Madagascar, women’s participation in leadership involves factors,which were not fully explored in this literature. The historical legacy of Madagascar and women’s social and political activism were the principal factors in women’s participation in leadership. The findings might have implications in explaining women’s access to leadership roles

P-18 Generation and Mission Giving among North American Division Seventh-day Adventists

Purpose -- In this on-going study we are examining NAD church member\u27s awareness of mission offering, the extent of giving, motivations of giving, barriers to giving and what could overcome those barriers. In these analyses we are examining differences in selected variables by generation. Methods – Initially, a stratified random sample of 200 NAD churches (with membership more than 50) was drawn. Pastors were contacted to provide a list of email addresses of members or to forward the email message with survey link to the church members. Additionally, 300 randomly selected churches including those with membership less 50 were added when anticipated number of responses was not obtained. Variables Examined – We examined variables related to what influenced mission giving by generation/age group. We used Chi Square and correlational analysis to examine these variables. Findings – Younger age groups were more likely to have seen the impact of mission offerings, but were less likely to have given. Further, younger age groups reported that they were more influenced by clear financial reports and trust in church leaders than older generations. Finally, unlike older generations, younger age groups did not believe that their mission giving had any relationship to their love of Christ. Conclusions – Younger generations personally experienced the positive impact of mission giving, but were less likely to give. These data suggest that it is important for church leaders to be more transparent in financial reports, build trust and link ones relationship to Christ to supporting world mission