The effects of reduced tillage and compaction level on the red lentil yield

A two year - field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three tillage treatments and three intra-row compaction levels on sowing performance, weed population, red lentil yield and yield components. The tillage treatments were: (1) conventional tillage (moldboard plow + disk harrow + float - CT); (2) reduced tillage 1 (horizontal axis rotary tiller - RT1); (3) reduced tillage 2 (vertical axis rotary tiller with roller - RT2). Intra-row compaction levels were: (1) no compaction (C0), (2) 60 kPa compaction (C1) and (3) 90 kPa compaction (C2). Results concluded that reduced tillage systems provided the best results of sowing performance and weed density. However, the highest crop yield was observed at the plot with tilled conventional tillage systems. Additionally, the increase in the intra-row compaction level improved sowing performance and crop yields

Effects of wheel traffic and farmyard manure applications on soil CO2 emission and soil oxygen content

This 2-year field study investigated the effects of different wheel traffic passes, manure amounts, and manure application methods on soil temperature, soil moisture, CO2 emission, and soil O2 content. To achieve this purpose, three different wheel traffic applications (no traffic, one pass, and two passes) were used. In the experiments, two different methods of manure applications (surface and subsurface) and three different farmyard manure amounts were used with a control plot (N0), 40 Mg ha-1 (N40), and 80 Mg ha-1(N80). Manure was applied in both years of the experiment in the first week of April. For the subsurface application, the manure was mixed in at approximately 10 cm of soil depth with a rotary tiller. According to the results, soil temperature, soil moisture, penetration resistance, and bulk density increased with increasing wheel traffic except CO2 emission for 2014 and 2015. CO2 emission values decreased with traffic. Subsurface manure application caused more CO2 emission compared to surface application. The increase in manure amounts led to an increase in CO2 emission and soil moisture content. The effects on soil O2 content were observed only during 2015. Maximum oxygen values were obtained in the plots where compaction was not applied. In addition, surface manure application caused more soil O2 content compared to subsurface application. © TÜBİTAK

Effects of strip width and tractor forward speed on sowing uniformity of maize and sunflower

A two year - field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of strip width and tractor forward speed on sowing uniformity of maize and sunflower. Being equipped to achieve purpose of this study, a row crop rotary hoe with C-type blades was used to obtain different strip widths. During the experiment, the field area was tilled in 22.5, 30 and 37.5 cm wide strips, respectively; these widths were obtained by changing the positions of flanges and blade connections of the rotary hoe. The rotary hoe was operated at a constant rotor rotation speed of 370 min-1, in a tillage depth of 10 cm and at 3 different tractor forward speeds (1.8, 3.6 and 5.4 km h-1) in order to get various soil fragmentation values. Because of increasing the forward speed during the tillage, coefficient variations of sowing depth uniformity, intra and inter-row seed distribution uniformity and seed distribution area for both maize and sunflower seeds decreased. The precision of the distribution of the seeds along the length of the row for the forward speeds was well below 29%; and therefore, it was acceptable for both maize and sunflower seeds. However, the strip width did not have a significant effect on the sowing performance parameters. Tractor forward speed became effective on soil fragmentation, and accordingly the distribution of smaller soil particles decreased with the increase in the speed. This study demonstrated that the most acceptable tractor forward speed for the strip tillage method in terms of the sowing uniformity parameters was 1.8 km h-1 for all of the experiment years

Physico-mechanical and some chemical properties of apricot varieties in iğdır province [Iğdır ili kayısı çeşitlerinin fiziko-mekanik ve bazı kimyasal özellikleri**]

In this research it was determined physical, mechanical and some chemical properties of Şalak, Ordubat and Teberze apricot varieties, grown in Iğdır province. At the Şalak variety the values of dimension, weight, rupture force, bulk density and true density were found higher compare the other varieties. The highest friction value was obtained in Teberze variety. The lowest and the highest friction coefficient were observed at the galvanized sheet and plastic surface, respectively. In addition, the Ordubat variety had the most water soluble dry matter and the lowest pH value. © 2019, Centenary University. All rights reserved

Strip tillage width effects on sunflower seed emergence and yield

Strip tillage is a conservation practice in which narrow strips, generally totaling less than 50% of the field area, are tilled. We hypothesized that strip tillage would be beneficial for long-term soil quality improvement, erosion control, and environmental protection because it also protects crop residues so they can cover and continuously protect the soil surface. A two-year field experiment with three replicates was conducted to quantify effects of three strip widths on selected soil physical properties, seed emergence and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). A powered row crop rotary hoe which is a group of narrow rotary tillers spaced evenly along the width of the toolbar and powered by the tractor power take-off was used to till soil in strips. The rotary hoe was equipped with C-type blades and was used to till strip widths of 37.5, 30 and 22.5cm by changing the blade position and number of flanges on each row of the rotary hoe. A constant rotor rotational speed (370rpm), forward tractor speed (5.4kmh-1) and tillage depth (10cm) were used to create the three strip widths that corresponded to tilled zones encompassing 50, 40, and 30% of the field area, respectively. A pneumatic seeder with 75cm row intervals was used for planting. The results show that as strip width increased, soil temperature increased but soil moisture content decreased due to evaporation loss from the tilled surface of the strips. Sunflower seed emergence ranged from 67 to 93%, with the lowest levels occurring with 22.5cm strips. Plant length and stalk diameter also increased as strip width increased. Seed yields for the two years also increased with strip width, averaging 4.4, 4.1, and 3.9Mgha-1 for the 37.5, 30 and 22.5cm strip widths, respectively. Based on these results, although seed yield was least for the 22.5cm strip width, tractor fuel efficiency was greatest for that width and the soil tended to retain more moisture for that width, compared to the 30 and 37.5cm widths, so the 22.5cm strip width is recommended to the eastern Turkey. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.This research was supported by the Scientific Research Administration Unit of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

A new approach for determination of seed distribution area in vertical plane [Düşey düzlemdeki tohum dağılım alanının belirlenmesinde yeni bir yaklaşım]

The objective of this study was to develop a new method to evaluate the seed distribution area in vertical plane and compare it with the other methods. For this purpose, the different calculation methods of seed distribution area namely, standard deviational ellipse, voronoi polygons with delaunay triangulation, integral method, and developed one, the concave hull algorithm was considered and compared in this study. Three different types of no-till seeders equipped with hoe (NS1), single disc (NS2) and winged hoe (NS3) type openers were used and operated at three different tractor forward speeds (0.75 m s-1, 1.25 m s-1 and 2.25 m s-1). According to the results obtained from the study, it was found that the newly developed seed distribution evaluation procedure, concave hull, provided the smaller area values of the distributed seeds as compared to others. The influences of seeders were tested and it was found that the no-till seeder which has disc type furrow opener spread the seeds into larger areas. However, maximum variations of sowing depth values were observed at the no-till seeder with single disc furrow opener. Increasing tractor forward speeds resulted in an increased variation of sowing depth. © 2014, Ankara University. All rights reserved

The effect of seed drill vibration on the seed spacing uniformity in row in lentil planting [Mercimek ekiminde makina titreşiminin sıra üzeri tohum dağılım düzgünlüğüne etkisi]

The seed spacing uniformity in row is one of the important parameters that are effective on plant growth and yield. In order to find the seed distribution uniformity in row, sticky band test system is used in the laboratory conditions. In this study, the effects of seed drill vibration on the longitudinal seed spacing uniformity was investigated for the random seeding of lentil seeds. In order to evaluate the effects of seed drill vibration on the seed distribution accuracy were utilized the ? goodness criteria and V f factor of variation used in the random seeding method. According to the obtained results, it was determined that the get worse seed distribution uniformity in row by the effect of vibration. Variation factor values (V f ) greater than 1.1 due to vibrations mean that the seed distribution uniformity in row is negative binomial. Assessment according to the criterion of goodness (?) was found to be "inadequate" as the seed distribution uniformity ratio under the effect of vibration was below the 55% limit value. © 2018, Centenary University. All rights reserved

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF JUGLONE ON GROWTH OF CUCUMBER AND MUSKMELON SEEDLINGS WITH RESPECT TO ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND LIPID PEROXIDATION

The effects of juglone, which exists in walnut and has allelopathic effect, on seedling growth and biochemical stress parameters were researched in this study. While a significant decrease was observed in the growth parameters (seedling elongation, fresh and dry weights) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Beith Alpha) and muskmelon (Ananas) (Cucumis melo cv. Ananas), an increase was observed in muskmelon (Kis Kavunu) (Cucumis melo cv. Kis Kavunu) by the effect of juglone. On the other hand, juglone increased malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels of cucumber and muskmelon (Ananas) significantly, whereas it decreased MDA level of muskmelon (Kis Kavunu). However, juglone decreased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities of cucumber and muskmelon (Ananas), but it was contrary to those of muskmelon (Kis Kavunu). As a result of juglone effect, a positive correlation was observed between seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD) activities, but a negative correlation with lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels was seen