Effects of two different acid etching and surface washing methods on bond strength on different CAD-CAM blocks under aging protocols

Aim. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of hydrofluoric acid and one-component ceramic primer and silane (Monobond Etch and Prime (MEP)) applications on lithium disilicate glass ceramics and zirconium-infiltrated lithium silicate glass ceramics, as well as the effect of ultrasonic and phosphoric acid surface washing methods on bond strength. Materials and Method. A total of 240 ceramic samples were prepared using two different CAD-CAM material blocks with a thickness of 2 mm made of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) and zirconium-infiltrated lithium silicate glass ceramic blocks (Celtra Duo). The samples were cemented to the composite discs (Tetric N-Ceram) after two different acid treatments, and surface washing processes were applied to them. As such, 24 groups were formed, each with two different acid applications, three different washing processes, two different CAD-CAM blocks, and two different aging procedures (n=10). Following the application of the acid, different washing processes are used. These were HF acid and washing only (HF + W), HF acid and ultrasonic washing (HF + US), HF acid and phosphoric acid (HF + PA), MEP with washing only (MEP + W), MEP and ultrasonic washing (MEP + US), and MEP and phosphoric acid (MEP + PA). The composite discs were cemented with dual cure adhesive cement (Multilink Automix) after the determined surface treatments were applied to the blocks. After surface applications, SEM analysis was conducted. Following exposure to two different thermal procedures, long-term (TL) and short-term (TS), bond strengths were measured using an Instron universal test device. SPSS version 23.0 software was used to perform the statistical analyses. Histogram graphs and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov/Shapiro-Wilk test were used to assess the variables' conformity to the normal distribution. Results. The bond strength values of TS and TL in the Celtra Duo block were significantly higher than those in the e.max CAD block (p<0.05). The TS-TL bonding strength value difference in the e.max CAD block was significantly higher than the surface measurements in the Celtra Duo block. While the highest bond strength value HF + US for TS in e.max CAD was 20.07±.31, the values of HF + US in Celtra Duo were significantly higher in terms of TL values when compared to other groups. Conclusion. Celtra Duo material demonstrated higher bond strength values after a short and long thermal cycle than e.max CAD material. In general, groups bonded with HF were less affected by the thermal cycle than groups treated with MEP

The effects of different root canal irrigation protocols and artificial aging procedures on the bond strength between dentin and hybrid ceramic posts

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different root canal irrigation protocols applied to the dentin and artificial aging procedures on the micro pushout bond strength (mPBS) between dentin and hybrid ceramic posts. Seventy-five single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were divided into 5 groups (Gr1-5). 50 of the teeth were used for the mPBS tests (n = 10), whereas 25 were used for the smear layer examinations (n = 5). Post space were prepared and irrigated with different irrigation-protocols in each group. (Gr1:[SS], Gr2:[NaOCl] + SS, Gr3:[EDTA] + NaOCl + SS, Gr4:[MA] + NaOCl + SS, Gr5:[Ch] + NaOCl + SS). Post and core pattern were fabricated with pattern resin and a fiber post, after scanning, the posts were milled with Vita Enamic resin ceramic block, and cemented. After 7 days the roots were sliced at thicknesses of 1 mm; half of them were subjected to mPBS test, while the other half were tested after undergoing mechanical cycling for artificial aging. For data analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test was utilized to test normal distributions, 3-way analysis of variance was used to compare mPBS, and Tukey’s HSD test was conducted for multiple comparisons. SEM analysis was performed for examination of failure modes and smear layer removal. Different root canal irrigation protocols affected mPBS significantly. While Gr4 had the highest mPBS, Gr1 had the lowest. Regarding to different zones, the highest mPBS was in coronal zone, and the lowest one was in the apical zone. The aging procedure also led to a statistically-significant decrease in mPBS. Most frequent failure modes were cohesive failure in dentin and mixed failure. Irrigation with 7%MA (Gr4) showed better performance than 17% EDTA (Gr3) in smear layer removal, especially at the apical zone of the tooth. This is critical for the success of root canal treatment and increased the mPBS to a higher extent in all zones of the tooth

Detecting prosthetic restorations using artificial intelligence on panoramic radiographs

Aim. This study applied a CNN (convolutional neural network) algorithm to detect prosthetic restorations on panoramic radiographs and to automatically detect these restorations using deep learning systems. Materials and Methods. This study collected a total of 5126 panoramic radiographs of adult patients. During model training, .bmp, .jpeg, and .png files for images and .txt files containing five different types of information are required for the labels. Herein, 10% of panoramic radiographs were used as a test dataset. Owing to labeling, 2988 crowns and 2969 bridges were formed in the dataset. Results. The mAP and mAR values were obtained when the confidence threshold was set at 0.1. TP, FP, FN, precision, recall, and F1 score values were obtained when the confidence threshold was 0.25. The YOLOv4 model demonstrated that accurate results could be obtained quickly. Bridge results were found to be more successful than crown results. Conclusion. The detection of prosthetic restorations with artificial intelligence on panoramic radiography, which is widely preferred in clinical applications, provides convenience to physicians in terms of diagnosis and time management

The effect of tooth loss severity on oral health-related quality of life: A cross-sectional study

Amaç: Bu kesitsel çalışmanın amacı; diş eksikliği olan erişkin hastaların diş eksikliği şiddetinin ağız sağlığı ile ilişkili yaşam kalitesi [oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)] üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya hastaneye başvuran 255 hastadan, 18 yaşından büyük ve en az 1 diş eksikliği bulunan 158 gönüllü hasta dâhil edildi. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim durumu gibi sosyodemografik verileri, ağız sağlığı alışkanlıkları, eksik diş sayıları ve kendi değerlendirdikleri yaşam kalitesi verileri kaydedildi ve sınıflandırıldı. Diş kaybının OHRQoL üzerindeki etkisi, Likert tipi bir ölçek ile hasta tarafından skorlanan 14 maddelik ağız sağlığı etki profili [oral health impact profile (OHIP-14-TR)] anketinin Türkçe versiyonu kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Eksik diş sayısına göre OHIP-14 toplam puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p=0,001). Burada farklılık 1-3 eksiği olanlar ile 10 ve 10’dan fazla eksiği olanlar arasında görülmüştür. 1-3 diş eksiği olanlarda OHIP-14 genel puanı ortanca değeri 16, 4-6 eksiği olanlarda 18, 7-9 eksiği olanlarda 17 ve 10 ve 10+ diş eksiği olanlarda bu değer 29 olarak elde edilmiştir. Hastaların, yaş, medeni durum, çalışma durumu, diş fırçalama sıklığı ve diş hekimi ziyareti sıklığı değişkenleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar elde edilmiştir (p=0,001). Sonuç: Çalışmanın sınırlamaları dâhilinde diş kaybının hastaların OHRQoL’si üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olduğu gösterilmiştir. Diş kaybının şiddeti arttıkça, OHIP-14 puanı artmaktadır. Diş kaybı olan hastalarda, fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal kısıtlılıklar görülmektedir.Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effect of tooth loss severity on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adult patients with missing teeth. Material and Methods: Among 255 patients admitted to the hospital, 158 volunteer patients over 18 years of age and with at least one missing tooth were included in this study. Sociodemographic data such as age, sex, education status, also oral health habits, number of missing teeth and selfevaluated quality of life data of the patients were recorded and classified. The effect of tooth loss on OHRQoL was evaluated using the Turkish version of the 14-item oral health impact profile (OHIP- 14-TR) questionnaire scored by the patient with a Likert-type scale. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the OHIP-14 total scores according to the number of missing teeth (p=0.001). The difference was seen between those with 1-3 deficiencies and those with 10 and more than 10 deficiencies. The median OHIP-14 overall score was 16 in those with 1-3 missing teeth, 18 in those with 4-6 missing, 17 and 10 in those with 7-9 missing, and 29 in those with 10+ teeth. Statistically significant differences were obtained between the variables of age, marital status, employment status, frequency of tooth brushing and frequency of dental visits (p=0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, tooth loss has been shown to have a negative impact on patients’ OHRQoL. As the severity of tooth loss increases, the OHIP-14 score increases. Physical, psychological and social limitations are seen in patients with tooth loss

Comparison of Bond Strength of Monolithic CAD-CAM Materials to Resin Cement Using Different Surface Treatment Methods

Objective: To compare the bond strength of monolithic CAD-CAM materials to resin cement using different surface treatment methods. Materials and Methods: Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e-max CAD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (Vita Suprinity), resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate), and hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic) were used. Five groups of CAD-CAM blocks were treated as follows: control (C), HF etching (HF), HF etching + silanization (HF + S), sandblasting (SB), and sandblasting + silanization (SB + S). After surface treatments, SEM analyses were conducted. Specimens were cemented with self-adhesive resin cement (Theracem) and stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured, and failure types were categorized. Results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey test. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between SBS values obtained for different surface treatments and CAD-CAM block types (P < .001). Among the CAD-CAM materials, the highest SBS was reported in the HF + S group for Vita Enamic. Although IPS e.max CAD, Vita Suprinity, and Vita Enamic showed higher bond strength when treated with HF + S, Lava Ultimate has the highest bond strength value when treated with SB + S. Conclusions: The bond strength of CAD-CAM materials was influenced by surface treatment. Additionally, silanization significantly improved the bond strength of all materials except Lava Ultimate