The crossover from collective motion to periphery diffusion for 2D adatom-islands on Cu(111)

The diffusion of two dimensional adatom islands (up to 100 atoms) on Cu(111) has been studied, using the self-learning Kinetic Monte Carlo (SLKMC) method [1]. A variety of multiple- and single-atom processes are revealed in the simulations, and the size dependence of the diffusion coefficients and effective diffusion barriers are calculated for each. From the tabulated frequencies of events found in the simulation, we show a crossover from diffusion due to the collective motion of the island to a regime in which the island diffuses through periphery-dominated mass transport. This crossover occurs for island sizes between 13 and 19 atoms. For islands containing 19 to 100 atoms the scaling exponent is 1.5, which is in good agreement with previous work. The diffusion of islands containing 2 to 13 atoms can be explained primarily on the basis of a linear increase of the barrier for the collective motion with the size of the island

Atomistic studies of thin film growth

We present here a summary of some recent techniques used for atomistic studies of thin film growth and morphological evolution. Specific attention is given to a new kinetic Monte Carlo technique in which the usage of unique labeling schemes of the environment of the diffusing entity allows the development of a closed data base of 49 single atom diffusion processes for periphery motion. The activation energy barriers and diffusion paths are calculated using reliable manybody interatomic potentials. The application of the technique to the diffusion of 2-dimensional Cu clusters on Cu(111) shows interesting trends in the diffusion rate and in the frequencies of the microscopic mechanisms which are responsible for the motion of the clusters, as a function of cluster size and temperature. The results are compared with those obtained from yet another novel kinetic Monte Carlo technique in which an open data base of the energetics and diffusion paths of microscopic processes is continuously updated as needed. Comparisons are made with experimental data where available

Self-learning Kinetic Monte-Carlo method: application to Cu(111)

We present a novel way of performing kinetic Monte Carlo simulations which does not require an {\it a priori} list of diffusion processes and their associated energetics and reaction rates. Rather, at any time during the simulation, energetics for all possible (single or multi-atom) processes, within a specific interaction range, are either computed accurately using a saddle point search procedure, or retrieved from a database in which previously encountered processes are stored. This self-learning procedure enhances the speed of the simulations along with a substantial gain in reliability because of the inclusion of many-particle processes. Accompanying results from the application of the method to the case of two-dimensional Cu adatom-cluster diffusion and coalescence on Cu(111) with detailed statistics of involved atomistic processes and contributing diffusion coefficients attest to the suitability of the method for the purpose.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure

Doppler-free Yb Spectroscopy with Fluorescence Spot Technique

We demonstrate a simple technique to measure the resonant frequency of the 398.9 nm 1S0 - 1P1 transition for the different Yb isotopes. The technique, that works by observing and aligning fluorescence spots, has enabled us to measure transition frequencies and isotope shifts with an accuracy of 60 MHz. We provide wavelength measurements for the transition that differ from previously published work. Our technique also allows for the determination of Doppler shifted transition frequencies for photoionisation experiments when the atomic beam and laser beam are not perpendicular and furthermore allows us to determine the average velocity of the atoms along the direction of atomic beam

Emerging strategies of targeting lipoprotein lipase for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases

Although statins and other pharmacological approaches have improved the management of lipid abnormalities, there exists a need for newer treatment modalities especially for the management of hypertriglyceridemia. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), by promoting hydrolytic cleavage of the triglyceride core of lipoproteins, is a crucial node in the management of plasma lipid levels. Although LPL expression and activity modulation is observed as a pleiotropic action of some the commonly used lipid lowering drugs, the deliberate development of drugs targeting LPL has not occurred yet. In this review, we present the biology of LPL, highlight the LPL modulation property of currently used drugs and review the novel emerging approaches to target LPL