4-Hydroxy-4,6a,6b,9,9,12a,14b-heptamethylperhydropicen-3-one hemihydrate isolated from Adiantum incisum

4-Hydroxy-4,6a,6b,9,9,12a,14b-heptamethylperhydropicen-3-one hemihydrate isolated from Adiantum incisu

Enhanced Luminol Chemiluminescence with Oxidase-like Properties of FeOOH Nanorods for the Sensitive Detection of Uric Acid

FeOOH nanorods, as one-dimensional nanomaterials, have been widely used in many fields due to their stable properties, low cost, and easy synthesis, but their application in the field of chemiluminescence (CL) is rarely reported. In this work, FeOOH nanorods were synthesized by a simple and environmentally friendly one-pot hydrothermal method and used for the first time as a catalyst for generating strong CL with luminol without additional oxidant. Remarkably, luminol-FeOOH exhibits about 250 times stronger CL than the luminol-H2O2 system. Its CL intensity was significantly quenched by uric acid. We established a simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective CL method for the detection of uric acid with a linear range of 20–1000 nM and a detection limit of 6.3 nM (S/N = 3). In addition, we successfully applied this method to the detection of uric acid in human serum, and the standard recoveries were 95.6–106.4%

NMDS results showing the separation of <i>Ophiostoma montium</i> (Opmo), <i>Leptographium longiclavatum</i> (Lelo), and <i>Grosmannia clavigera</i> (Grcl) based on concentrations (ng mm^-2) of nine headspace volatiles: acetoin (ATN), ethyl acetate (ETA), <i>cis</i>-grandisol (GRD), isobutanol (IBA), isoamyl acetate (IAA), 2-methyl-1-butanol (2MB), 3-methyl-1-butanol (3MB), phenethyl acetate (PEAC), and phenethyl alcohol (PEA).

<p>Black ellipses indicate 95% confidence intervals around cluster centroids.</p

Results of concurrent-growth experiment showing mean (± s.e.) growth (mm²; left panels) and conidia density (conidia mm^-2; right panels) responses to headspace volatiles of the other fungi in species-pairing treatments and non-inoculated agar controls for <i>Grosmannia clavigera</i> (Grcl; A, B), <i>Ophiostoma montium</i> (Opmo, C, D), and <i>Leptographium longiclavatum</i> (Lelo; E, F).

<p>Bars with different letters are statistically different as indicated by Tukey Honest Significant Difference tests.</p

Results of staggered-growth experiment showing mean (± s.e.) growth (mm²; left panels) and conidia density (conidia mm^-2; right panels) responses to headspace volatiles of the other fungi in species-pairing treatments and non-inoculated agar controls for <i>Grosmannia clavigera</i> (Grcl; A, B), <i>Ophiostoma montium</i> (Opmo, C, D), and <i>Leptographium longiclavatum</i> (Lelo; E, F).

<p>Bars with different letters are statistically different as indicated by Tukey Honest Significant Difference tests.</p

Mean concentrations (ng mm^-2) of detected headspace volatiles from four-day old cultures of mountain pine beetle (<i>Dendroctonus ponderosae</i>)-symbiotic fungi: <i>Grosmannia clavigera</i>, <i>Ophiostoma montium</i>, and <i>Leptographium longiclavatum</i>.

<p>ANOVA results for among-species differences in mean concentrations for each compound. Means with different letter superscripts are significantly different as indicated by Tukey Honest Significant Difference tests. Compounds not detected in headspace collections of a given fungus are indicated with “ND.”</p

Mean (± s.e.) differences in culture area (mm², A) and conidia density (conidia per mm²; B) among fungal symbionts, <i>Grosmannia clavigera</i> (Grcl), <i>Ophiostoma montium</i> (Opmo), and <i>Leptographium longiclavatum</i> (Lelo), of mountain pine beetle (<i>Dendroctonus ponderosae</i>) for controls of the concurrent-growth experiment.

<p>Bars with different letters are statistically different as indicated by Tukey Honest Significant Difference tests.</p

Mean (± s.e.) growth (mm²) responses of <i>Grosmannia clavigera</i> (Grcl; A), <i>Ophiostoma montium</i> (Opmo, B), and <i>Leptographium longiclavatum</i> (Lelo; C) on yeast nutrient base agar and exposed to headspace volatiles of other fungi in species-pairing treatments and non-inoculated agar controls.

<p>Bars with different letters are statistically different as indicated by Tukey Honest Significant Difference tests.</p

Mean (± s.e.) differences in culture area (mm², A) and conidia density (conidia per mm²; B) among fungal symbionts, <i>Grosmannia clavigera</i> (Grcl), <i>Ophiostoma montium</i> (Opmo), and <i>Leptographium longiclavatum</i> (Lelo), of mountain pine beetle (<i>Dendroctonus ponderosae</i>) for controls of the staggered-growth experiment.

<p>Bars with different letters are statistically different as indicated by Tukey Honest Significant Difference tests.</p

The composition of headspace volatile (rows) profiles from four-day old <i>Ophiostom montium</i> (Opmo), <i>Leptographium longiclavatum</i> (Lelo), and <i>Grosmannia clavigera</i> (Grcl) cultures.

<p>Cells contain the percentage of each volatile out of the total concentration of all detected volatiles by fungus. The dendrogram shows similarities among fungi based on volatile profile compositions as indicated by hierarchical clustering.</p