Why do Saudi Nurses Leave Bedside Nursing: Findings from a Pilot Study

Aim: To explore the salient factors that account for Saudi nurses leaving bedside nursing to work in other fields of nursing.   Method: A non-experimental descriptive quantitative design was used to answer the research question of this pilot study. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. A snowball / purposive sample was used to collect the data from 46 Saudi nurses who had left bedside nursing in three hospitals in the Aseer region in southwest of Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed by a professional statistician using descriptive statistics.   Findings: The salient factors for Saudi nurses’ decision to leave bedside nursing that were identified included: income (including allowances and financial incentives), administrative regulations, job satisfaction, and other miscellaneous factors   Conclusion: Although this pilot study has several limitations, the findings indicate that health care planners and policy staff, and nursing leaders in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia need to develop strategies to address the issues expressed by Saudi nurses in regard to bedside nursing, particularly the need to improve (a) financial allowances and incentive systems, (b) the bedside work environment (e.g., by decreasing weekly working hours), and (c) the image of bedside Saudi nurses in the eyes of Saudi society.   Keywords: Saudi Nurses, Pilot Study, Bedside Nursing &nbsp

Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in Makkah Region Hospitals: A Regional Point Prevalence Survey of Public Hospitals

(1) Background: Inappropriate use of antimicrobials and subsequently rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major public health priority. Over-prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics is one of the main contributing factors for the emergence of AMR. We sought to describe antimicrobial prescribing trends among patients in public hospitals in Makkah hospitals. (2) Method: We undertook a point prevalence survey (PPS) in six hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, from January 2019 to July 2019. The survey included all the inpatients receiving antimicrobials on the day of PPS. Data was collected using the Global point prevalence survey (PPS) tool developed by the University of Antwerp, Belgium. (3) Results: Of 710 hospitalized patients, 447 patients (61.9%) were treated with one or more antimicrobials during the study period. The average bed occupancy among six hospitals was 74.4%. The majority of patients received antimicrobials parenterally (90.3%). Of the total prescribed antimicrobials, 415 (53.7%) antimicrobials were used in medical departments, 183 (23.7%) in surgical departments, and 175 (22.6%) in ICUs. Pneumonia (17.3%), skin and soft tissue infections (10.9%), and sepsis (6.6.%) were three common clinical indications. Ceftriaxones were the most commonly used antibiotics that were prescribed in 116 (15%) of patients, followed by piperacillin, with an enzyme inhibitor in 84 (10.9%). (4) Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of antibiotic use in the hospitals of Makkah, which could be a potential risk factor for the incidence of resistant strains, particularly MRSA infection. Public health decision-makers should take these findings into consideration to update national policies for antibiotic use in order to reduce the risks of further increases of AMR

The Effects of Time Lag and Cure Rate on the Global Dynamics of HIV-1 Model

In this research article, a new mathematical model of delayed differential equations is developed which discusses the interaction among CD4 T cells, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and recombinant virus with cure rate. The model has two distributed intracellular delays. These delays denote the time needed for the infection of a cell. The dynamics of the model are completely described by the basic reproduction numbers represented by R0, R1, and R2. It is shown that if R0<1, then the infection-free equilibrium is locally as well as globally stable. Similarly, it is proved that the recombinant absent equilibrium is locally as well as globally asymptotically stable if 1<R0<R1. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical results. Our obtained results show that intracellular delay and cure rate have a positive role in the reduction of infected cells and the increasing of uninfected cells due to which the infection is reduced

Hybrid nanofluid flow in a Darcy-Forchheimer permeable medium over a flat plate due to solar radiation

Solar thermal absorption has an important role in the solar power plant to store the energy and usually, the solar systems face the problem to store and control the energy at high temperatures. The research aims to study the hybrid nanofluids which is used as the solar energy absorber and tends to store the thermal energy. In the this study, the authors focus on response of the inclined plate solar collector when the base fluid of water is substituted by the Hybrid nanofluid containing MgO (Magnesium oxide), CuO (Copper Oxide) with MWCNTs (Multiple wall carbon nanotubes), and water is used as a base solvent. The inclined plate is embedded in the permeable medium in the existence of solar radiation. The solution to the problem has been tackled through analytical techniques. The essential physical features are observed for heat transfer, absorption, and omission rate of the solar radiations

Artificial neural network analysis of the flow of nanofluids in a variable porous gap between two inclined cylinders for solar applications

Copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are utilized to enhance heat transfer (HT) which is used in the efficiency of solar energy systems. Copper nanoparticles have excellent thermal conductivity (TC) properties that enable them to conduct heat efficiently. In this arrangement, the gap between the two cylindrical channels is settled for the hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) flow in an inclined position that is favourable to sunlight. The nanomaterials consist of a mixture of PVA and Cu nanoparticles (NPs), to execute HNFs. Solar radiation is present on the hot side of the system. The porous gap between the two channels is considered variable which plays a crucial role in enhancing heat transfer and energy conversion. The varying permeability of the gap is adjusted to control the flow resistance and improve the stability of the system. It is observed that higher porosity allows for better convective heat transfer and reduced pressure drop. The transformed equations are solved through an artificial neural network (ANN) while the control volume finite element method (CVFEM) is also used to handle the governing equations. The Cu and PVA (HNF) improves solar radiation absorption and protects components, ultimately increasing the performance and efficiency of the systems

Transmissibility of epidemic diseases caused by delay with local proportional fractional derivative

Abstract Epidemiological models have been playing a vital role in different areas of biological sciences for the analysis of various contagious diseases. Transmissibility of virulent diseases is being portrayed in the literature through different compartments such as susceptible, infected, recovered (SIR), susceptible, infected, recovered, susceptible (SIRS) or susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered (SEIR), etc. The novelty in this endeavor is the addition of compartments of latency and treatment with vaccination, so the system is designated as susceptible, vaccinated, exposed, latent, infected, treatment, and recovered (SVELITR). The contact of a susceptible individual to an infective individual firstly makes the individual exposed, latent, and then completely infection carrier. Innovatively, the assumption that exposed, latent, and infected individuals enter the treatment compartment at different rates after a time lag is also deliberated through the existence of time delay. The rate of change and constant solutions of each compartment are studied with incorporation of a special case of proportional fractional derivative (PFD). In addition, existence and uniqueness of the system are also comprehensively elaborated. Moreover, novel dynamic assessment of the system is carried out in context with the fractional order index. Succinctly, the manuscript accomplishes cyclic epidemiological behavior of the infectious disease due to the delay in treatment of the infected individuals

Heat Transfer Investigation of the Unsteady Thin Film Flow of Williamson Fluid Past an Inclined and Oscillating Moving Plate

This investigation aims at analyzing the thin film flow passed over an inclined moving plate. The differential type non-Newtonian fluid of Williamson has been used as a base fluid in its unsteady state. The physical configuration of the oscillatory flow pattern has been demonstrated and especial attention has been paid to the oscillatory phenomena. The shear stresses have been combined with the energy equation. The uniform magnetic field has been applied perpendicularly to the flow field. The principal equations for fluid motion and temperature profiles have been modeled and simplified in the form of non-linear partial differential equations. The non-linear differential equations have been solved with the help of a powerful analytical technique known as Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). This method contains unknown convergence controlling parameters C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , ... which results in more efficient and fast convergence as compared to other analytical techniques. The OHAM results have been verified by using a second method known as Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). The closed agreement of these two methods and the fast convergence of OHAM has been shown graphically and numerically. The comparison of the present work and published work has also been equated graphically and tabulated with absolute error. Moreover, the effect of important physical parameters like magnetic parameter M , gravitational parameter m , Oscillating parameter ω , Eckert number E c and Williamson number W e have also been derived and discussed in this article