Immunohistochemical prognostic indicators of lymphoma tumors

Lymphoma, or lymphatic cancer, is a broad term encompassing a variety of cancers of the lymphatic system. This prospective study was initiated to evaluate the expression of two potential biomarkers (p53and Cyclin D1). Lymphoma tissues were obtained from 50 patients (Royal Medical Services 1990 - 1996), which were diagnosed as Hodgkin's and NonHodgkin's lymphoma. Specimens were reassessed by examining new sections; these sections were analyzed for p53 and Cyclin D1 levels by usingimmunohisochemisty using formalin/paraffin embedded tissue. Results indicated that the percentages of cases exhibiting staining with p53 and Cyclin D1 were 44 and 72%, respectively. Over-expression of Cyclin D1 was near the range of reported antecedent studies, which confirm the potential oncogenicactivity for Cyclin D1 in lymphoma. The expression of Cyclin D1 in both lymphoma in the same level indicates that lymphomas follow similar pathways in Jordanian population

Optimum design of cooling water systems for energy and water conservation

Re-circulating cooling water systems (RCWSs) are widely used to reject waste process heat to the environment, conserve fresh water and reduce thermal pollution relative to once-through systems. Research on RCWS has mostly focused on individual components, cooling tower and heat-exchanger network. Kim and Smith [Kim, J.K. and Smith, R., 2001, Cooling water system design, Chem Eng Sci, 56(12): 3641-3658] developed a grass-root design method of RCWS (KSD). In this paper, the KSD method is expanded and a comprehensive simulation model of RCWS is developed accounting for interaction between cooling tower and heat-exchanger network. Regarding this model, a modern grass-root design method of RCWS, we call it Advanced Pinch Design (APD), based on combined pinch technology and mathematical programming is developed for minimum cost achievement. Having considered cycle water quality through introducing ozone treatment technology, APD methodology is further improved. This technique that we call Enhanced Cooling Water System Design (ECWSD), as the APD supplementary methodology, is provided water and energy conservation, minimum cost and environmental impacts. Related coding in MATLAB version 7.1 is developed for the illustrative example to get optimal values in RCWS design method computations. Finally the results of the introduced grass-root design methodologies, APD and ECWSD, are compared with KSD. Crown Copyright © 2008