Changes in hematological indices and lymphocyte subsets in response to whole blood donation in healthy male donors

Whole blood donation has immunomodulatory effects, and most of these have been observed at short intervals following blood donation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of whole blood donation on lymphocyte subsets over a typical inter-donation interval. Healthy male subjects were recruited to study changes in complete blood count (CBC) (n = 42) and lymphocyte subsets (n = 16) before and at four intervals up to 106 days following blood donation. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare quantitative variables between different visits. Following blood donation, changes in CBC and erythropoietin were as expected. The neutrophil count increased by 11.3% at 8 days (p < .001). Novel changes were observed in lymphocyte subsets as the CD4/CD8 ratio increased by 9.2% (p < .05) at 8 days and 13.7% (p < .05) at 22 days. CD16-56 cells decreased by 16.2% (p < .05) at 8 days. All the subsets had returned to baseline by 106 days. Regression analysis showed that the changes in CD16-56 cells and CD4/CD8 ratio were not significant (Wilk’s lambda = 0.15 and 0.94, respectively) when adjusted for BMI. In conclusion, following whole blood donation, there are transient changes in lymphocyte subsets. The effect of BMI on lymphocyte subsets and the effect of this immunomodulation on the immune response merit further investigation

Changes in hematological indices and lymphocyte subsets in response to whole blood donation in healthy male donors

Whole blood donation has immunomodulatory effects, and most of these have been observed at short intervals following blood donation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of whole blood donation on lymphocyte subsets over a typical inter-donation interval. Healthy male subjects were recruited to study changes in complete blood count (CBC) (n = 42) and lymphocyte subsets (n = 16) before and at four intervals up to 106 days following blood donation. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare quantitative variables between different visits. Following blood donation, changes in CBC and erythropoietin were as expected. The neutrophil count increased by 11.3% at 8 days (p < .001). Novel changes were observed in lymphocyte subsets as the CD4/CD8 ratio increased by 9.2% (p < .05) at 8 days and 13.7% (p < .05) at 22 days. CD16-56 cells decreased by 16.2% (p < .05) at 8 days. All the subsets had returned to baseline by 106 days. Regression analysis showed that the changes in CD16-56 cells and CD4/CD8 ratio were not significant (Wilk’s lambda = 0.15 and 0.94, respectively) when adjusted for BMI. In conclusion, following whole blood donation, there are transient changes in lymphocyte subsets. The effect of BMI on lymphocyte subsets and the effect of this immunomodulation on the immune response merit further investigation

Changes in hematological indices and lymphocyte subsets in response to whole blood donation in healthy male donors

Whole blood donation has immunomodulatory effects, and most of these have been observed at short intervals following blood donation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of whole blood donation on lymphocyte subsets over a typical inter-donation interval. Healthy male subjects were recruited to study changes in complete blood count (CBC) (n = 42) and lymphocyte subsets (n = 16) before and at four intervals up to 106 days following blood donation. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare quantitative variables between different visits. Following blood donation, changes in CBC and erythropoietin were as expected. The neutrophil count increased by 11.3% at 8 days (p < .001). Novel changes were observed in lymphocyte subsets as the CD4/CD8 ratio increased by 9.2% (p < .05) at 8 days and 13.7% (p < .05) at 22 days. CD16-56 cells decreased by 16.2% (p < .05) at 8 days. All the subsets had returned to baseline by 106 days. Regression analysis showed that the changes in CD16-56 cells and CD4/CD8 ratio were not significant (Wilk’s lambda = 0.15 and 0.94, respectively) when adjusted for BMI. In conclusion, following whole blood donation, there are transient changes in lymphocyte subsets. The effect of BMI on lymphocyte subsets and the effect of this immunomodulation on the immune response merit further investigation

Effect of CaF2 on the radiation attenuation properties of SiO2–P2O5–CaO–Na2O bioactive glasses: Theoretical and simulation studies

In this study, the gamma-photon, neutron, and charged particle interaction quantities for SiO2–P2O5–CaO–Na2O–CaF2 bioactive glasses were evaluated with the objective of estimating the effect of CaF2 on the physical and radiation responses of the bioactive glasses involved. The physical features (e.g. glass density) were increased as the CaF2 increases in the samples. The gamma mass-attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) of the glasses was estimated for photon energies 0.015–15 MeV using the XCOM database and the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation procedure. The total stopping powers (TSP) and range of charged particles (electrons, protons, α-particles, and C6+ ions) were estimated with the aid of ESTAR (for electrons only) and the SRIM Monte Carlo code (for protons, α-particles, and C6 + ions). In addition, the fast (ΣR) and thermal (TN) neutron cross-sections were computed for the glasses using standard theoretical models. The μ/ρ values of the SPCNCF glasses were within 0.0216–8.7469, 0.0217–9.2151, 0.0219–10.0588 and 0.0222–11.1264 cm2/g for SPCNCF1, SPCNCF2, SPCNCF3 and SPCNCF4, respectively. The half-value layers had minimum values of 0.02936, 0.02767, 0.02499, and 0.02215 cm for SPCNCF1, SPCNCF2, SPCNCF3, and SPCNCF4, respectively, at 0.015 MeV. Analysis of the estimated photon interaction parameters showed that the gamma radiation attenuation prowess of the glasses improved with CaF2 content. The same trend was observed for charged particles. The TSP of electrons is maximum at 0.015 MeV with values of 12.82 for SPCNCF1 and SPCNCF2, 12.76 for SPCNCF3 and 12.71 MeV cm2/g for SPCNCF4. The values of ΣR were equal to 0.0896, 0.0896, 0.0897 and 0.0900 for SPCNCF1, SPCNCF2, SPCNCF3, and SPCNCF4, respectively. The increase in the weight proportion of CaF2 also improved the fast neutron removal and total thermal neutron interaction capacities of the SPCNCF glasses. The SPCNCF glasses showed better shielding competence compared to some conventional shields such as RS 253 and RS 253 G18 commercial shielding glasses, concrete samples, and polymers

Establishment of reference interval for hemoglobin A1C and other hemoglobin subfractions for healthy Saudi adults.

BackgroundThe establishment of Reference Intervals (RIs) for Hemoglobin A1C and other hemoglobin subfractions (A1A, A1B, F, LA1C, A0) is of utmost importance in screening, diagnosing, and monitoring diabetes and other hemoglobin abnormalities through the application of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Because there are no locally established RIs for these parameters, it is essential to establish RIs specific to the Saudi population to accurately diagnose and monitor diabetic individuals and identify abnormal levels in hemoglobin subfractions.MethodsAs part of the IFCC global multicenter study of laboratory reference values, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia. The study involved recruiting a total of 381 healthy adult subjects (>18 years, BMI 28.3 ± 6 kg/m2). Blood samples were analyzed for A1C, biochemical and other immunoassay parameters. The need for RIs based on sex, age, and BMI was determined using the standard deviation ratio (SDR) through a 3-level nested ANOVA.ResultsBased on the threshold of SDR≥0.4, RIs for A1C and other Hb subfractions were not partitioned by sex or BMI, but partitioned by age (ConclusionThis study established RIs for A1C and other Hb subfractions for healthy adult Saudis. Age was found to be an important source of variation for most of the parameters including A1C. These findings will enhance the understanding and clinical decision-making concerning A1C and other hemoglobin subfractions. The elevated upper limit of RIs for A1C reflects the high prevalence of diabetes in the Saudi population specially in those with increased age