Bayesian reordering model with feature selection

In phrase-based statistical machine translation systems, variation in grammatical structures between source and target languages can cause large movements of phrases. Modeling such movements is crucial in achieving translations of long sentences that appear natural in the target language. We explore generative learning approach to phrase reordering in Arabic to English. Formulating the reordering problem as a classification problem and using naive Bayes with feature selection, we achieve an improvement in the BLEU score over a lexicalized reordering model. The proposed model is compact, fast and scalable to a large corpus

Intrusion Detection Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks

[EN] Intrusion detection system (IDS) is regarded as the second line of defense against network anomalies and threats. IDS plays an important role in network security. There are many techniques which are used to design IDSs for specific scenario and applications. Artificial intelligence techniques are widely used for threats detection. This paper presents a critical study on genetic algorithm, artificial immune, and artificial neural network (ANN) based IDSs techniques used in wireless sensor network (WSN)The authors extend their appreciation to the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP) at King Saud University for funding this research.Alrajeh, NA.; Lloret, J. (2013). Intrusion Detection Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 2013(351047):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/351047S16201335104

Large-scale reordering model for statistical machine translation using dual multinomial logistic regression

Phrase reordering is a challenge for statistical machine translation systems. Posing phrase movements as a prediction problem using contextual features modeled by maximum entropy-based classifier is superior to the commonly used lexicalized reordering model. However, Training this discriminative model using large-scale parallel corpus might be computationally expensive. In this paper, we explore recent advancements in solving large-scale classification problems. Using the dual problem to multinomial logistic regression, we managed to shrink the training data while iterating and produce significant saving in computation and memory while preserving the accuracy

Memory-efficient large-scale linear support vector machine

Stochastic gradient descent has been advanced as a computationally efficient method for large-scale problems. In classification problems, many proposed linear support vector machines as very effective classifiers. However, they assume that the data is already in memory which might not be always the case. Recent work suggests a classical method that divides such a problem into smaller blocks and then solves the sub-problems iteratively. We show that a simple modification of shrinking the dataset early will produce significant saving in computation and memory. We further find that on problems larger than previously considered, our approach is able to reach solutions on top-end desktop machines while competing methods cannot

Machine Translation Systems

Machine translation is one of the oldest and hardest problems in artificial intelligence. It is studied as a subfield of natural language processing or computational linguistics. Although machine translation has a long history, full automatic translation with high quality seems hard to achieve at least in the near future. Nowadays due to the increase in computing power and the accessibility of huge date in the Internet, the field has taken a new direction and started to grow rabidly. Translation is a process of transferring the meaning of words or text to another language which involves decoding the meaning of the source language and then re-encoding that into the target language. Many systems have been proposed in order to tackle this problem such as rule-based, example-based, statistics-based and other systems. Evaluating these systems is another difficult issue since there is no one correct translation of a sentence and it is subjective to humans' judgement. Machine translation evaluation is currently very active research and has many debatable topics

Scalable reordering models for SMT based on multiclass SVM

In state-of-the-art phrase-based statistical machine translation systems, modelling phrase reorderings is an important need to enhance naturalness of the translated outputs, particularly when the grammatical structures of the language pairs differ significantly. Posing phrase movements as a classification problem, we exploit recent developments in solving large-scale multiclass support vector machines. Using dual coordinate descent methods for learning, we provide a mechanism to shrink the amount of training data required for each iteration. Hence, we produce significant computational saving while preserving the accuracy of the models. Our approach is a couple of times faster than maximum entropy approach and more memory-efficient (50% reduction). Experiments were carried out on an Arabic-English corpus with more than a quarter of a billion words. We achieve BLEU score improvements on top of a strong baseline system with sparse reordering features

Large-scale reordering models for statistical machine translation

In state-of-the-art phrase-based statistical machine translation systems (SMT), modelling phrase reorderings is an important need to enhance naturalness of the translate outputs, particularly when the grammatical structures of the language pairs differ significantly. The challenge in developing machine learning methods for machine translation can be summarised in two points. First is the ability to characterise language features such as morphology, syntax and semantics. Second is adapting complex learning algorithms to process large corpora.Posing phrase movements as a classification problem, we exploit recent developments in solving large-scale SVM, Multiclass SVM and Multinomial Logistic Regression. Using dual coordinate descent methods for learning, we provide a mechanism to shrink the amount of training data required for each iteration. Hence, we produce significant saving in time and memory while preserving the accuracy of the models. These efficient classifiers allow us to build large-scale discriminative reordering models. We also explore a generative learning approach namely naive Bayes. Our Bayesian model is shown to be superior to the widely-used lexicalised reordering model. It is fast to train and the storage requirement is many times smaller than the lexicalised model. Although discriminative models might achieve higher accuracy than naive Bayes, the absence of iterative learning is a critical advantage for very large corpora.Our reordering models are fully integrated with the Moses machine translation system, widely used in the community. Evaluated in large-scale translation tasks, our model have proved successful for two very different language pairs: Arabic-English and German-English.<br/

Bayesian Reordering Model with Feature Selection

In phrase-based statistical machine translation systems, variation in grammatical structures between source and target languages can cause large movements of phrases. Modeling such movements is crucial in achieving translations of long sentences that appear natural in the target language. We explore generative learning approach to phrase reordering in Arabic to English. Formulating the reordering problem as a classification problem and using naive Bayes with feature selection, we achieve an improvement in the BLEU score over a lexicalized reordering model. The proposed model is compact, fast and scalable to a large corpus

A Survey on Proactive, Active and Passive Fault Diagnosis Protocols for WSNs: Network Operation Perspective

Although wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been the object of research focus for the past two decades, fault diagnosis in these networks has received little attention. This is an essential requirement for wireless networks, especially in WSNs, because of their ad-hoc nature, deployment requirements and resource limitations. Therefore, in this paper we survey fault diagnosis from the perspective of network operations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey from such a perspective. We survey the proactive, active and passive fault diagnosis schemes that have appeared in the literature to date, accenting their advantages and limitations of each scheme. In addition to illuminating the details of past efforts, this survey also reveals new research challenges and strengthens our understanding of the field of fault diagnosis

Investigating the effect of resveratrol on apoptosis and regulation of gene expression of Caco-2 cells: Unravelling potential implications for colorectal cancer treatment

Colorectal cancer is known for its substantial impact on global morbidity and mortality, with higher prevalence in developed regions. This study delves into the potential treatment advantages of resveratrol (RSV) in addressing colorectal cancer. Apoptosis and gene expression associated with apoptotic factors were explored using Caco-2 cells, a pertinent model for colorectal adenocarcinoma. The effect of RSV on Caco-2 cell viability was investigated using MTT assay and neutral red uptake assay. The level of generated ROS was high in cells exposed to RSV. Likewise, the enzyme superoxide dismutase, responsible for converting ROS into hydrogen peroxide, was concurrently elevated. The effect of RSV on DNA damage was examined through the TUNEL assay. The gene expression analyses for pro-apoptotic elements were studied using qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the impact of RSV on the migration of Caco-2 cells was conducted through a wound-healing assay. Our results reveal RSV’s cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells, showing dose-dependent inhibition of viability, indicating its promise as a treatment agent. The induction of cell death by apoptosis is substantiated by DNA damage. Notably, the upregulated expression of caspase-3, Bax, and p53 genes suggests RSV’s potential to modulate key apoptosis-related elements. In addition, RSV displayed an inhibitory effect on cellular migration, a significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) in cancer metastasis. These findings underscore RSV’s potential to be a multifaceted therapeutic agent targeting apoptosis and metastatic processes in colorectal cancer