The Sister-Chromatid Exchange and Acetylcholine Esterase Enzyme Levels among Patients with Insecticide Intoxication in the Cukurova Region, Turkey.

This study included 45 patients with intentional insecticide intoxication and 21 with accidental intoxication who were treated at the First-Aid and Emergency Department of Balcali Hospital at the Faculty of Medicine in the Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey, while the control group consisted of 25 people selected from university personnel known to be healthy. Patients with a history of X-ray exposure in the last 6 months or of any virus disease as well as continuous drug users and smokers were excluded, leaving a total of 49 patients. Acetylcholine esterase (Pseudocholinesterase) enzyme (AchE), sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE), the mitotic index (MI), and the replication index (RI) were evaluated. Blood samples were cultured for SCE evaluation and sera separated for AchE levels. Insecticide exposure was generally intentional for suicide in adolescents and at older ages, but accidental for children. AchE levels were found to be significantly lower in organophosphorus (OP) and carbamated (CB) insecticide poisoning groups in comparison with the control group (p&#60;0.001), while the pyrethroid (PY) group was not statistically different for the AchE effect (p&#62;0.05). SCE was found to be significantly higher in OP and CB groups (p&#60;0.001), while the PY and control groups were statistically similar for SCE levels (p&#62;0.05). This study showed an increase in SCE in response to orally ingested insecticides. These findings indicate that insecticide exposure results in cell abnormalities, with resulting impediments to the division and replication of cells, as suggested by MI decreases and RI increases, while the speed of the division cycles of stimulated cells increases.</p

The effects of daylight exposure on melatonin levels, Kiss1 expression, and melanoma formation in mice

Aim To determine how daylight exposure in mice affects melatonin protein expression in blood and Kiss1 gene expression in the hypothalamus. The second aim was to assess the relationship between skin cancer formation, daylight exposure, melatonin blood level, and kisspeptin gene expression level. Methods New-born mice (n = 96) were assigned into the blind group or daylight group. The blind group was raised in the dark and the daylight group was raised under 12 hours light/12 hours dark cycle for 17 weeks. At the end of the 11th week, melanoma cell line was inoculated to mice, and tumor growth was observed for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, melatonin level was measured from blood serum and Kiss1 expression from the hypothalamus. Results The blind group had significantly higher melatonin and lower Kiss1 expression levels than the daylight group. Tumor volume was inversely proportional to melatonin levels and directly proportional to Kiss1 expression levels. Tumor growth speed was lower in the blind than in the daylight group. Conclusion Melatonin and Kiss1 were shown to be nvolved in tumor suppression. They were affected by daylight and were mutually affected by each other

Laboratuvar koşullarında Anopheles sacharovi Favre' nin ergin hayat tabloları ve üreme biyolojisi

TEZ323Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1986.Kaynakça (s.83-86) var.89 s. : rnk. res. ; 30 cm.

Arazi koşullarında Anopheles sachavori favre ve Çukurova'da sık bulunan Culicinae (Culicidae : Diptera) türlerinin biyo-ekolojisi üzerine araştırmalar

TEZ103Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1991.Kaynakça (s. 81-84 ) var.85 s. ; 29 cm.

The habitats of preadult stages of culicidae (Diptera) species commonly found in cukurova and important physical and chemical characteristics of these habitats

In the vicinity of the villages Mantas, YeniÇay, Aliaga, Hasanaga and Asagikulak (Tarsus, IÇel) the larval habitats of mosquitos commonly found in Çukurova were investigated during breeding period from April to November in order to determine the types and physical-chemical characteristics of breeding water e.i. temperature, color, conductivity and oxygen, phosphate, nitrite, chlorine and ammonia. Of 5 species commonly found in the area, Anopheles sacharovi and A. hyrcanus were found to occur in the natural or artifical clean and permanent water bodies, ponds and streams, preferably in waters richly oxygenous and slightly salty. The larvae of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and C. pipiens pipiens were able to survive in types of habitat observed in the area. The larvae of C. tritaeniorhynchus were found to be tolerant to greater temperature changes where as the larvae of Aedes caspius caspius were found to be tolerant to the high temperatures as well as to nitrite and phosphate.In the vicinity of the villages Mantas, YeniÇay, Aliaga, Hasanaga and Asagikulak (Tarsus, IÇel) the larval habitats of mosquitos commonly found in Çukurova were investigated during breeding period from April to November in order to determine the types and physical-chemical characteristics of breeding water e.i. temperature, color, conductivity and oxygen, phosphate, nitrite, chlorine and ammonia. Of 5 species commonly found in the area, Anopheles sacharovi and A. hyrcanus were found to occur in the natural or artifical clean and permanent water bodies, ponds and streams, preferably in waters richly oxygenous and slightly salty. The larvae of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and C. pipiens pipiens were able to survive in types of habitat observed in the area. The larvae of C. tritaeniorhynchus were found to be tolerant to greater temperature changes where as the larvae of Aedes caspius caspius were found to be tolerant to the high temperatures as well as to nitrite and phosphate

Relationship Between Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Deletions (GSTT1 and GSTM1) and Coronary Artery Disease/Acute Myocardial Infarction

Amaç: Koroner arter hastalığı (KAH), kalp hastalıkları içerisinde en yaygın olanıdır. KAH, kalbin kendi dokusuna kan sağlayan koroner arterlerin daralması sonucunda meydana gelmektedir. Damarların daralması endotel duvarlarında kolesterol ve diğer maddelerin birikerek plak oluşumu sonucunda oluşur. Glutatyon S-Transferaz (GST) enziminin de KAH ile ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. GST enzimi; ksenobiyotik metabolizmasında, endojenik ve ekzojenik maddelerin detoksifikasyonunda rol oynayan önemli bir enzim grubudur. Glutatyon S-transferaz M1 (GSTM1) ve T1 (GSTT1) genleri sigara dumanında bulunan bazı kimyasalların detoksikifikasyonu veya aktivasyonu ile ilişkilidir. Bu genlerde mutasyonların olması enzimin aktivitesinin azalmasına ve KAH oluşmasına neden olur. Bu çalışmada; 1.-4. kuşaklarda KAH ve Akut Miyokart İnfarktüsü (AMİ) öyküsüne sahip bir ailede GSTM1 ve GSTT1 genleri ile ilişkisi araştırıldı. Materyal ve Metod: Bu çalışmada soy ağacı bilinen ailenin çalışmaya dahil edilen kişilerinin yaşı, sigara alkol kulanı, hastalık öyküsü kaydedildi. Probandın ortaya çıktığı kişiden başlayarak 1. ve 4. kuşakların soyağacı çıkarıldı. 1.-4. kuşaklarda yaşayan ve bulunabilen 100 kişiden venöz kan örneği alındı. GSTT1 ve GSTM1 genleri uygun primerler kullanılarak PCR yöntemi ile amplifiye edildi ve agaroz jel elektroforezinde yürütüldü. Bulgular: Bu ailede 24 kişinin KAH olduğu, bu hastaların 19 (%79)'unun da sigara kullanma alışkanlığının olduğu belirlendi. Yapılan moleküler analiz sonucunda GST polimorfizmine rastlanmadı. Sonuç: Çeşitli çalışmalarda GST geninin KAH ile ilişkili olduğu bildirilse de bizim çalışmamızda GSTT1 ve GSTM1 genlerinde polimorfizmin olmaması bu ailede ilişkili olmadığını göstermektedir. Yine sigara kullanımının GST enzim aktivitesini kesin azalttığı bildirilse de bu ailedeki koroner arter hastalığının sigara kullanımı ile de ilişkili olmadığını düşündürmektedirPurpose: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common disease in heart-related diseases. CAD arises from the contraction of coroner artery, which provides blood for heart tissue. Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) enzymes are known to be associated with CAD. Glutathione S-Transferase M1 (GSTM1) and Glutathione S-Transferase T1 (GSTT1) genes are associated with detoxification or activation of chemicals in cigarette smoke. Mutations in these genes lead decreased enzyme activities and formation of CAD. In this study the relationship between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and CAD were investigated in four generations of a family with a history of CAD and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Material ve Methods: Patients of a family with known family pedigrees included in the study. The age, use of alcohol, cigarette smoking, and disease history were recorded. Starting from the proband patient the pedigrees from first to fourth generation pedigree were examined. One-hundred venous blood samples obtained from all 4 generation individuals. Glutathione S-Transferase M1 and GSTT1 genes were amplified employing gene specific primers with PCR and visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: In this family 24 person had CAD and 19 (79%) of them were heavy cigarette smokers. As a result of the molecular analysis, we did not detect any GST polymorphisms. Conclusion: Although several lines of studies indicate an association of CAD with GST gene polymorphisms, in our study no association was found between CAD and GST polymorphisms for all family members tested. Moreover, we did not establish an association between coronary artery diseases and cigarette smokin

Karyotype analysis of certain mosquito species in the region Adana

Sivrisinek tiürlerinin tanısında temel olarak morfolojik özellikler kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bazı türler bu özellikler sayesinde ayrılamamaktadır. Bu durumda sitogenetik ve moleküler genetik özelliklerden yararlanılmaktadır. Sivrisineklerde yapılan sitogenetik çalışmalar sonucu, Chagasia bathana (2n=8) türü hariç, tüm türlerin 2n=6 diploid kromozoma sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamız Anopheles sacharovi, Anopheles superpictus ve Culex pipiens'in karyotip çalışmalarını kapsamaktadır. Kromozomlar büyükten küçüğe doğru dizildiginde III nolu otozomal kromozomun en büyük, II nolu otozomal kromozomun orta büyüklükte ve I nolu kromozomun en küçük ve cinsiyet kromozomları olduğu belirlendi. Cinsiyet kromozomlarının An. sacharovi ve. An. superpictus'ta sexüel dimorfizm (X, Y) gösterdiği fakat Cx pipens'de sexüel dimorfizm göstermediği saptandı. Üç. türün kromozomları C-bantlama yöntemi lie bantlandı ve elde edilen bantları incelendi. An. sacharovi ve Cx, pipiensın III nolu kromozomlarında 4 bant saptandı. Bu bantlardan ikisinin sentromere yakm, diger ikisinin ise uçlarda olduğu görüldü. An. superpictus'un III nolu kromozomunda üç bant bulundu. Bu bantlardan, birisinin sentromerde, diğer ikisinin ise uçlarda yer aldığı görüldü. An, sacharovi'nin II nolu kromozomunun sadece sentromerinde bir bant, diğer iki türün ise kromozomlarının uçlarında iki adet bant olduğu saptandı. An. sacharovi ile An. superpictus'un I nolu X kromozomlarının uçlarında iki adet bant olduğu, Y kromozomunun bantlanmadığı bulundu. Cx. pipiens'in 1 nolu cinsiyet kromozomunun uçlarında ise 2 bant olduğu saptandı. Kromozomlardaki bant biçimleri ile kromozom büyüklüklerinin üç türde birbirinden farklı olduğu gözlendi. Buna göre Cx, pipiens'in üç, tür arasında en büyük kromozomlara, An. sacharovi'nin orta büyüklükte ve An. superpictus'un en küçük kromozomlara sahip oldugu tespit edildi.Generally, morphological characters are used in the identification of mosquito species. But it is not possible to identify some of the species with these characters. In this case, cytogenetics and molecular genetics could be considered as a means of identification. It has been determined through various investigations that the mosquitoes have 2n=6 chromosomes, except for Chagasia bathana which has 2n=8. Our study includes the karyotype analysis of Anopheles sacharovi, Anopheles superpictus and Culex pipiens. The chromosomes were numbered from III to I according to their diminishing sizes. The number III is the largest autosomal chromosome, the number II is the intermediate autosomal chromosome and the number I is the smallest pair and also the sex chromosomes, Sexual dimorphism have been differentiated (X, Y) in An. sacharovi and An. superpictus, but not in Cx. pipiens. Chromosomes of the three species were banded according to C-banding procedure and then detected. There are four bands on the number III chromosome of ^473. sacharovi and Cx. pipiens. Two of these bands are next to the centromere and the others are on the ends). There are three bands on the number III chromosome of An. superpictus. One of bands is next to centromere and the others are on the ends. There is one band on the centromere of the number II chromosome of An. sacharovi. There are two bands on the ends of the number II chromosome of Cx. pipiens and An. superpictus. Two bands are found on the ends of the number I X chromosome of An. sacharovi and An. superpictus but there are no bands on Y chromosome. Two bands are found on the ends of the number I sex chromosome of Cx. pipiens. The banding patterns and the size of the chromosomes vary among three species. According to the findings, Cx. pipiens has the largest chromosomes of all three and An. sacharovi has chromosomes intermediate in size and An. superpictushas the smallest chromosomes

PROSTAT KANSERİNİN SRD5A2 GENLERİNDEKİ POLİMORFİZMLER İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Prostat ka1nseri, prostat bezindeki hücre proliferasyonu ve hücre ölümü arasındaki dengenin bozularak, organ hacminin malign büyümesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Prostat kanseri hastalığına neden olan faktörler, hormonal, diyet, çevresel ve genetik faktörler olarak sıralanabilir. Prostat kanserine neden olan pek çok gen vardır. Bunlar ELAC2, SRD5A2, HPC1, HPCX, AR, PSAvb. genler sayılabilir. SRD5A2 geni, 5 ekzon ve 4 introndan meydana gelmektedir. Bu gen 2p22-23’te haritalanmış ve gen büyüklüğü yaklaşık olarak 56.4 kb'dır. Steroid 5a- redüktaz Tip II enzimi, 28.398kDa moleküler ağırlıkta olan bir enzimdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı prostat kanseri ile SRD5A2 geninin AIa49Thr ve Val89Leu polimorfizmleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla polimorfizmlerin bulunduğu bölgeler Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PCR) ile çoğaltılmıştır. Polimorfızmler uygun restriksiyon enzimleri kullanılarak Restriksiyon Parça Uzunluk Polimorfizmi (RFLP) yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada; SRD5A2 geni Ala49Thr (p=0,001<0,05) polimorfizmi ile prostat kanseri arasındaki ilişki istatistik! olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Ancak, SRD5A2 geni Val89Leu (p=0,460<0,05) polimorfizmleri ile prostat kanseri arasındaki ilişki istatistik! olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır

Genetic Risk Factors in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD)

COPD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the adult population. The major risk factor of COPD is, undoubtedly, cigarette smoking. In a significant proportion of smokers clinically significant airflow obstruction develops. Exogenous factors outside the meeting, increasing susceptibility to disease and genetic factors in the development of the disease is thought to play an important role.Apart from the contribution by the well-recognized &#945;-1 antitrypsin deficiency, the genetic basis of COPD is poorly understood. However, many genes are thought to be associated with COPD. The most important ones are &#945;-1-antitrypsin (AAT), &#945;-1-antichymotrypsin (AACT), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), tumor necrosis factor-&#945; (TNF ) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF&#946;). [Archives Medical Review Journal 2010; 19(3.000): 168-179