Testing Gibrat’s law: empirical evidence from panel unit root tests of turkish firms

The purpose of this paper is to use panel unit root tests to see if Gibrat’s law holds in Turkey. Gibrat's Law establishes that firm growth is a random walk, it means that the probability of a given proportional change in size during a specified period is the same for all firms in a given industry. In this paper, it is examined Gibrat law in Turkey empirically by using Chen & Lu (2003) methodology and use the panel unit root method to investigate the relation between firm size and firm growth. Since it has been observed that many panel unit root tests are invalid when cross-section correlation problem and also finds that conclusion is not the same.Gibrat’s Law, Firm Growth, MADF Test

The validity of PPP: evidence from Lagrange multiplier unit root tests for ASEAN countries

The univariate and panel Lagrange Multiplier (LM) unit root tests with one and two structural breaks proposed by Lee and Strazicich (2003, 2004) which are considerably more powerful than traditional tests are employed to investigate whether the purchasing power parity (PPP) theory holds true for ASEAN countries by using both black market and official exchange rates. We find strong evidence in favour of long-run PPP for six ASEAN countries namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.PPP,ASEAN,LM unit root

Convergence of per capita health care expenditures in OECD Countries

In this article it is investigated the convergence of health care expenditures per capita in OECD during the 1970–2005 period by applying Lima and Resende (2007) persistence methodology. Departures across countries were evaluated in terms of panel data unit root tests advanced by Im et al. (2003). The evidence illustrated that one cannot reject the null hypothesis of unit root for the (log) of the ratio of health care expenditures of each country relative to a reference unit except average of per capita health expenditures The results, therefore, favour a very strong form of persistence for OECD expenditures inequality.

Hysteresis vs. natural rate of unemployment: One, the other, or both?

This paper re-examines the empirical validity of the hysteresis hypothesis in unemployment rates in terms of education level in 17 OECD countries. To this end for unbalanced panel, we employ Pesaran’s Cross Sectional Dependence (CD) and Cross-Sectionally Augmented ADF (CADF) tests. Our empirical findings provide that the evidence is favorable to the non-stationary of the unemployment rates by primary and secondary education attainment in total unemployment, and therefore the existence of hysteresis while there is no evidence of hysteresis for unemployment rates by tertiary education.Hysteresis, unemployment, the natural rate hypothesis

Purchasing Power Parity in Eastern European Countries: Further Evidence from Black Market Exchange Rates

The purchasing power parity (PPP) has been amongst the most tested theories in the international finance literature. The empirical findings from the extant literature for the PPP hypothesis are mixed. This article applies univariate and panel Lagrange Multiplier (LM) unit root tests with one and two structural breaks to real exchange rates for six Eastern European countries. Both univariate and panel LM tests with structural breaks strongly suggest that PPP is valid hypothesis for Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Russia.PPP, Black Market Exchange Rates, Eastern European countries

TÜRKİYE’NİN DIŞA AÇILMA ORANININ ÖLÇÜMÜ, 1965-1995

The results of empirical studies on the 1980 Turkish economic reform programme frequently suggest that openness has a positive impact on growth in Turkey. However, the results of empirical literature on the relationship between openness and growth have always been under criticism for using openness variables,which are not objective measures of openness, involve measurement errors and do not capture all dimensions of openness. To overcome these criticisms, in this article,we introduce a composite openness proxy obtained using the principle component methodology that captures all dimensions of openness and provide an objective and more reliable measure of openness for Turkey.Openness, Measuring openness, Principle component method

Persistence of Profitability and the Dynamics of Competition in Turkey, 1985-2004

The existing empirical literature on the intensity of competition in developing countries shows that the persistence of profitability is smaller in developing than in advanced economies. To solve this controversy, Glen, Lee and Singh (2003) propose to look into the underlying sources of the persistency, namely persistency of monopoly power and of economic efficiency. This paper reports on time series analysis of the persistence of corporate profitability and its constituent parts for the largest 114 manufacturing firms in Turkey. Its central result is that the observed persistency of profits in the markets is due to persistency of productivity rather than the persistency of profit margins suggesting that pro-competitive characteristics of markets overweigh the inimical competition characteristics in Turkey.Persistence of profitability,Economic efficiency

Test of the purchasing power parity hypothesis by using panel structural break test for transition economies

This paper is aim to test the validity of the purchasing power parity hypothesis by analyzing the transition economies such as Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania. For this purpose, the minimum LM unit root test with one structural break is applied to real exchange rate data.PPP, MADF, LM test.

Language Teaching Models in Teacher Training Programs

Any language teacher who has gone through some kind of training program for the teaching of English should be familiar with various specific language teaching models that constitute the core of the training process. A language teaching model is a guide that helps the trainee to sequence the activities designed for the expectations and needs of learners in a lesson. This paper reviews the common language teaching models in teacher training programs (PPP, OHE, III, TTT, TBLT, ESA, ARC) and discusses them with deficiencies over each other

International Tourism Demand for Turkey: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach

Empirical studies on tourism field for Turkey have illustrated little attention in modelling properly the demand function for tourism and identifying the main basis of tourism flows. The majority of studies take into consideration the demand side determinants of tourism, usually proxies by income and price measurements, and little attention has been given to the supply factors, which might influence substantially the tourism performance. Factors such as infrastructures in networks and accommodation capacity in the hosting country have been ignored in such studies. Taking into accounts these facts, in this paper, a dynamic model is used to estimate the demand function of tourism in Turkey with respect to its nine major clients, Germany, Russia, United Kingdom, Holland, France, Austria, Iran, Bulgaria and Ukraine, for a period of 10 years (1995-2004) by using the GMM-DIFF estimator proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991). One of the main conclusions of the study is the significant value of the lagged dependent variable (0.28), which may be interpreted as a minor word-of-mouth effect on the consumer decision in favour of the destination.Tourism Demand, GMM-DIFF, Turkey