Association between ethical leadership, ethical climate and organizational citizenship behavior from nurses' perspective: a descriptive correlational study

Background:Ethical leadership plays an important role in improving the organizational climate and may be have an effect on citizenship behavior. Despite the growing emphasis on ethics in organizations, little attention to has been given this issue. The purpose of this study was to identify ethical leadership, an ethical climate, and their relationship with organizational citizenship behavior from nurses' perspective. Methods:In this descriptive correlational study, 250 nurses in twelve teaching hospitals in Tehran were selected by multistage sampling during 2016-2017. The data were collected using Ethical Leadership Questionnaire, Hospital Ethical Climate Survey, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale. Results:The findings showed a significant correlation between ethical leadership in managers, organizational citizenship behavior (P = 0.04, r = 0.09) and an ethical climate (P < 0.001, r = 0.65). There was a significant correlation between an ethical climate and nurses' organizational citizenship behavior (P < 0.001, r = 0.61). The regression analysis showed that ethical leadership and an ethical climate is a predictor of organizational citizenship behavior and confirms the relationship between the variables. Conclusion:Applying an ethical leadership style and creating the necessary conditions for a proper ethical climate in hospitals lead to increased organizational citizenship behavior by staff. To achieve organizational goals, nurse managers can use these concepts to enhance nurses' satisfaction and improve their performance

The Effect of Religion Therapy on the Elderly Cognitive Status

The elderly is passing from a stage to another new stage of life, with cognitive changes and a reduction in the physiological functions of this age. With increasing age, spiritual needs and attitudes increase. So, this study was conducted aimed to investigate the effect of group spiritual therapy on the cognitive state of the elderly. This experimental study was conducted in two experimental and control groups on 50 elderly people in Golestan Province in 2012, by simple random sampling. Data collection tool was Mini-Mental State Examination. In the experimental group, eight group therapy sessions were performed for 45�60 min a week twice. The data were analyzed by software SPSS-16 using descriptive statistics (mean score and SD) and inferential statistics (paired t test, independent t test and covariance test). Independent t test before the intervention in both groups showed no significant difference (P = 0.52). But this test showed a significant difference after the intervention (P < 0.01). Also, ANCOVA test showed a significant difference in both groups (η = 0.26) (P < 0/01). Regarding the effect of group spiritual therapy on the cognitive state of the elderly, it can be used as a complementary, low cost and effective method for improving the cognitive state of the elderly. For this reason, it is recommended because spiritual therapy creates the concept and meaning of life and increases the life expectancy and quality of life in the elderly. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Exploring health care' experiences on how to inform the patient to get infected with COVID-19: A qualitative study

Background: COVID-19 disease is a new disease that is very important how informing the patient about it. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the experiences of the nurses' staff on how to inform the patient to get infected with COVID-19. Methods: Twelve health care providers (8 nurses and 4 anesthesiologists) in an educational and medical center in the city of Ilam in From February to June 2020 participated in the study with purposeful sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and the study began with the open question, "Describe your experience of identifying the disease in patients with COVID-19". To analyze the data, the conventional qualitative content analysis was performed. Results: Participants in this study included 12 medical personnel, of which 7 (58.4) were male and 5 (41.6) were female. Based on the findings, 2 main themes and 7 sub-themes were extracted. The main themes extracted from this study include A) Passing the patient of the purgatory of COVID-19 diagnosis including four sub-themes: 1) Waiting for a diagnosis, 2) Announcing step by step the diagnosis, 3) giving information, 4) acceptance or resistance; B) Entering the important others to the purgatory of COVID-19 diagnosis including three sub-themes: 1) Entering the key family members, 2) Entering the physician, 3) Entering the relatives working as medical staff. Conclusion: Diagnosing the disease of COVID-19 is like a purgatory for patient and staff. To help the patient get through this purgatory, important others are introduced by the staff. Eventually the patient either accepts the disease or resists accepting it