INSTRUMENTO DIDÁCTICO DE MEDICIONES INDIRECTAS DE TIEMPO (DIDATIC INSTRUMENT OF INDIREC TIME MEASUREEMENTS)

Resumen   Actualmente se tienen instrumentos de medición indirecta de tiempos como son el cronometro, el reloj de cuarzo, los cuales producen errores en su medición por la observación de las personas y la habilidad de manipulación como es el accionamiento de inicio y paro. Por lo anterior se pensó en un instrumento de medición que se acciona automáticamente al detectar el movimiento de un objeto y de igual forma se detiene al llegar un punto establecido, indicando el tiempo realizado por el objeto en su recorrido.Dentro de las aplicaciones de este instrumento están las competencias de seguidores de línea, experimentos en física como son caída libre. La elaboración del proyecto abarco la elaboración de planos en solidworks con simulación, la impresión de la tarjeta controladora, la programación en micro controladores, la instalación de un sensor de proximidad (distancia), instalación de una pantalla LCD ya programada y dos guías de soporte para poder realizar mediciones de desplazamiento de forma horizontal o vertical. El dispositivo ha sido utilizado como material didáctico en la realización de experimentos en los laboratorios de física, química, matemáticas y va dirigido a todas las unidades didácticas que requieran medir tiempos, distancias o velocidades; los datos obtenidos se muestran en una pantalla LCD y son utilizados en fórmulas para cálculos y la comprobación de datos teóricos.Palabra(s) Clave: Instrumento didáctico, Distancia, Medidor de tiempo, Velocidad, Sensor sharp. AbstractCurrently there are instruments for indirect measurement of times such as the stopwatch, the quartz clock, which produce errors in their measurement due to the observation of people and the ability to manipulate such as the start and stop drive. For this reason, a measuring instrument that automatically activates when detecting the movement of an object is considered and, in the same way, stops when an established point arrives, indicating the time taken by the object in its path.Within the applications of this instrument are the competencies of line followers, experiments in physics such as free fall. The development of the project included the elaboration of plans in solid works with simulation, the printing of the controller card, the programming in micro controllers, the installation of a proximity sensor (distance), installation of an already programmed LCD screen and two support guides to be able to perform displacement measurements horizontally or vertically.The device has been used as teaching material in conducting experiments in the laboratories of physics, chemistry, mathematics and is aimed at all teaching units that require measuring times, distances or speeds; The data obtained are displayed on an LCD screen and are used in formulas for calculations and the verification of theoretical data.Keywords: Instructional instrument, Distance, Time meter, Speed, Sharp sensor

DISEÑO DE LA COLOCACIÓN DE PANELES SOLARES FOTOVOLTAICO PARA MAYOR CAPTACIÓN DE ENERGÍA. (DESIGN OF THE PLACEMENT OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS FOR GREATER ENERGY COLLECTION)

ResumenEl presente proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo Instalar un conjunto de paneles solares con una colocación angular. El diseño propuesto busca aumentar la eficiencia de recolección de los rayos solares modificando la alineación de los paneles y ocupando la refracción ya que esta no es utilizada en los paneles. Este planteamiento surge debido a que la estructura del panel solar es totalmente plana  y de dimensiones amplias, en  los paneles solares entra  la radiación directa y cuando esta nublado la difusa, pero nunca entra una reflejada, otro problema detectado es que el panel es demasiado grande y al momento de dañarse  cualquier célula por las aves o por algún accidente se tiene que dar mantenimiento a todo el panel; para realizar la validación de la propuesta que atiende la  problemática de la entrada de luminiscencia, se realizaron análisis mediante cálculos de refracción y la simulación con el programa de   “Phet” el cual  mostró que el  ángulo que proporciona una mayor captación es de 50°, con los resultados se procedió a realizar el proyecto  en miniatura y verificando que el ángulo aumenta la eficiencia de los paneles solares en un 25%.Palabras Clave: Células, fotovoltaicos, panel y refracción. AbstractThis research project aims to install a set of solar panels with an angular placement. The proposed design seeks to increase the efficiency of solar rays collection by modifying the alignment of the panels and occupying the refraction since it is not used in the panels. This approach arises because the structure of the solar panel is completely flat and of large dimensions, direct radiation enters the solar panels and when the diffuse is cloudy, but never reflected, another problem detected is that the panel is too large and when any cell is damaged by the birds or by an accident, the entire panel must be maintained; In order to validate the proposal that addresses the problem of luminescence input, analyzes were carried out using refraction calculations and simulation with the “Phet” program which showed that the angle that provides a greater uptake is 50 °, With the results, the project was carried out in miniature and verifying that the angle increases the efficiency of solar panels by 25%.Keywords: Cells, photovoltaic, panel and refraction

Nutrient-adjusted high-fat diet is associated with absence of periepididymal adipose tissue inflammation:is there a link with adequate micronutrient levels?

The aim of this study was to investigate the real impact of dietary lipids on metabolic and inflammatory response in rat white adipose tissue. Male healthy Wistar rats were fed ad libitum with a control diet (CON, n=12) or with an adjusted high-fat diet (HFD, n=12) for 12 weeks. Oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed during the last week of the protocol. Plasma fatty acid, lipid profile, body adiposity, and carcass chemical composition were analyzed. Plasma concentration of leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) was measured. Periepididymal adipose tissue was employed to evaluate TNF-α, MCP-1, and adiponectin gene expression as well as NF-κB pathway and AKT proteins. Isocaloric intake of the adjusted HFD did not induce hyperphagia, but promoted an increase in periepididymal (HFD = 2.94 ± 0.77 vs. CON = 1.99 ± 0.26 g/100 g body weight, p = 0.01) and retroperitoneal adiposity (HFD = 3.11 ± 0.81 vs. CON = 2.08 ± 0.39 g/100 g body weight, p = 0.01) and total body lipid content (HFD = 105.3 ± 20.8 vs. CON = 80.5 ± 7.6 g carcass, p = 0.03). Compared with control rats, HFD rats developed glucose intolerance (p=0.01), dyslipidemia (p = 0.02) and exhibited higher C-reactive protein levels in response to the HFD (HFD = 1002 ± 168 vs. CON = 611 ± 260 ng/mL, p = 0.01). The adjusted HFD did not affect adipokine gene expression or proteins involved in inflammatory signaling, but decreased AKT phosphorylation after insulin stimulation in periepididymal adipose tissue (p = 0.01). In this study, nutrient-adjusted HFD did not induce periepididymal adipose tissue inflammation in rats, suggesting that the composition of HFD differently modulates inflammation in rats, and adequate micronutrient levels may also influence inflammatory pathways. </jats:p

Development of a severity of disease score and classification model by machine learning for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

BackgroundEfficient and early triage of hospitalized Covid-19 patients to detect those with higher risk of severe disease is essential for appropriate case management.MethodsWe trained, validated, and externally tested a machine-learning model to early identify patients who will die or require mechanical ventilation during hospitalization from clinical and laboratory features obtained at admission. A development cohort with 918 Covid-19 patients was used for training and internal validation, and 352 patients from another hospital were used for external testing. Performance of the model was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity.ResultsA total of 363 of 918 (39.5%) and 128 of 352 (36.4%) Covid-19 patients from the development and external testing cohort, respectively, required mechanical ventilation or died during hospitalization. In the development cohort, the model obtained an AUC of 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 0.87) for predicting severity of disease progression. Variables ranked according to their contribution to the model were the peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio, age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, updated Charlson comorbidity index and lymphocytes. In the external testing cohort, the model performed an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.85). This model is deployed in an open source calculator, in which Covid-19 patients at admission are individually stratified as being at high or non-high risk for severe disease progression.ConclusionsThis machine-learning model, applied at hospital admission, predicts risk of severe disease progression in Covid-19 patients

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data